introduction : drug addiction and drug dependency are major problem in the “mental”,”social”, and “health-care” fields. it decreases occupational performance and educational abilities in different social groups, and may lead to miscellaneous crimes. different methods are recommended for drug addiction treatments. detoxification is the first step however it would not be successful without follow...

Introduction: Evaluation and planning based on inaccurate statistics and information will disappoint us in fighting against the addiction phenomenon. This study has considered the personal characteristics and consumption patterns of the narcotics among self – introduced addicts. Materials & Methods: in this retrospective and descriptive–analytic study the characteristics of the self-introdu...

BACKGROUND An increasing number of patients addicted to opium are experiencing awareness during coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) as a result of tolerance to anesthetics. OBJECTIVES This research was primarily intended to determine the potential diminishing effects of moderate hypothermia on anesthetic dosage and recall of anesthesia during the procedure. METHODS In this double-blind ra...

  Background: There are widespread misconceptions about the positive effects of opium on coronary artery disease (CAD). Thus, we performed a study to explore the opium addiction process contributing factors among CAD patients using a grounded theory approach.   Methods : The sample comprised 30 addicted CAD patients and their family members, physicians, nurses and friends. Purposive and theoret...

Introduction: The long time use of opium has some effects on serums biochemical factors, the determination of this variation is a new approach in understanding off addiction and relive of drug abuser health. Hence in this study, these indicators in person who were withdrawing of opium have been studied. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study bloods biochemical factors such as fast...

Latour’s endeavor to unite the dichotomic categorizations of “objects” and “things” in ANT-based reality has inherent limitations. Therefore, author undertakes three enterprises. First, with theoretical reinforcements realist philosophy, we shall appreciate why cannot be treated as two related manifestations same entity. Second, by exemplifying Victorian history medicalized opium addiction, thi...

BACKGROUND Opium and its derivatives are widely abused throughout the world. Recent case reports and a few limited studies have suggested that opiates cause dilation of the common bile duct of the abusers. MATERIAL/METHODS Our case-control study, lasting 7.5 months, investigated 121 male adult addicts and 142 non-addicted controls for biliary tract diameters, using ultrasonography. The study ...

Abstract Background: Long-term use of opioids has acute effects on homeostasis of the body. Discovering the impacts of opioids on hematological parameters of narcotics withdrawal and dependents blood may be helpful in recognizing the homeostasis condition of their body for the useful treatment. Methods: In this study a cross-sectional method was applied. The abusers of opium and her...

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of opium addiction and cigarette smoking on the complete blood count (CBC).Methods: Eighty-six male subjects, including 31 opium-addicted cigarette smokers (OACS), 19 opium-addicted non-cigarette smokers (OANCS), 17 non-opium-addicted cigarette smokers (NOACS), and 19 non-opium-addicted non-cigarette smokers (NOANCS) parti...