Both the US and European Community are now undertaking major projects to double air traffic capacity. It is believed that this will demand a significant increase in automation and a redefinition of the human air traffic controller’s role to be that of a supervisor of the automation and an intelligent agent to make tactical decisions in off-normal situations. This paper discusses the associated ...

We prove that, in stochastic approach, there exists an equivalence relation between different inflationary models under some redefinition of field and time variables. The postinflationary physics is insensitive to it and one can say that related theories are in fact indistinguishable from the viewpoint of a local observer. We discuss the methodology of cosmology as a branch of natural science a...

The formalism of graded Poisson-sigma models allows the construction of N = (2, 2) dilaton supergravity in terms of a minimal number of fields. For the gauged chiral U(1) symmetry the full action, involving all fermionic contributions , is derived. The twisted chiral case follows by simple redefinition of fields. The equivalence of our approach to the standard second order one in terms of super...

The second central extension of the planar Galilei group has been alleged to have its origin in the spin variable. This idea is explored here by considering local Galilean covariant field theory for free fields of arbitrary spin. It is shown that such systems generally display only a trivial realization of the second central extension. While it is possible to realize any desired value of the ex...

The unprecedented technological developments witnessed in the 21st centuary have been accompanied with a growing importance of “information ethics”due to their far-reaching effects especially for global transactions. Such importance has also moved a wide range of “issues” to the front line agenda of enterprises. The measures used to approach the resulting or potential “ethical dilemma” continue...

the purpose of load frequency control is to reduce transient oscillation frequencies than its nominal valueand achieve zero steady-state error for it.a common technique used in real applications is to use theproportional integral controller (pi). but this controller has a longer settling time and a lot of extramutation in output response of system so it required that the parameters be adjusted ...