Objective: Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiology of brain ischemia and neurodegenerative disorders.Previous studies indicated that Viola tricolor and Viola odorataare rich sources of antioxidants. This study aimed to determine whether these plants protect neurons against serum/glucose deprivation (SGD)-induced cell death in an in vitro model of ischemia and neurodegeneration....

Astrocytes outnumber neurons and serve many metabolic and trophic functions in the mammalian brain. Preserving astrocytes is critical for normal brain function as well as for protecting the brain against various insults. Our previous studies have indicated that methylene blue (MB) functions as an alternative electron carrier and enhances brain metabolism. In addition, MB has been shown to be pr...

Cancer cells utilize flexible metabolic programs to maintain viability and proliferation under stress conditions including nutrient deprivation. Here we report that phospholipase D1 (PLD1) participates in the regulation of metabolic plasticity in cancer cells. PLD1 activity is required for cancer cell survival during prolonged glucose deprivation. Blocking PLD1 sensitizes cancer cells to glycol...

objective: oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiology of brain ischemia and neurodegenerative disorders.previous studies indicated that viola tricolor and viola odorataare rich sources of antioxidants. this study aimed to determine whether these plants protect neurons against serum/glucose deprivation (sgd)-induced cell death in an in vitro model of ischemia and neurodegeneration....

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PanCa) is an extremely lethal disease characterized by mutations of p53 in up to 70% of cases. Our previous studies have confirmed that hyperglycemia may be the first clinical manifestation for the early diagnosis of PanCa. In this article, we showed that targeted knockdown of TG2 or p53 in tumor cells led to decreased cell survival in response to glucose depri...

BACKGROUND Morphine pretreatment via activation of delta1-opioid receptors induces cardioprotection. In this study, the authors determined whether morphine preconditioning induces ischemic tolerance in neurons. METHODS Cerebellar brain slices from adult Sprague-Dawley rats were incubated with morphine at 0.1-10 microM in the presence or absence of various antagonists for 30 min. They were the...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In 2 models of severe ischemic injury, we have evaluated the neuroprotective action of D-JNKI1, a cell-penetrating and protease-resistant peptide selectively inhibiting the c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK). METHODS Hippocampal slices from newborn rats were subjected to oxygen (5%) and glucose (1 mmol/L) deprivation for 30 minutes. Cell death was evaluated with propidium io...

BACKGROUND Paraplegia continues to complicate thoracoabdominal aortic interventions. The elusive mechanism of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury has delayed the development of pharmacological adjuncts. Microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, can have pathological responses after a variety of insults. This can occur through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) in stroke m...

A poor vascular network development in a tumor mass leads to poor oxygen and nutrient supply. To adapt to a hypoxic microenvironment, it is well-known that cancer cells activate the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). HIF-1α plays a central role in hypoxia-induced metabolic switching, anti-apoptosis, angiogenesis and drug resistance. Glucose deprivation, another major str...