the discharge data used for hydrological modeling should be the long-term suitable random data without trend and jump which is followed a specific statistical distribution. in this study, the above mentioned conditions were evaluated for 31 years period (1974-2004) of annual mean discharge data of 10 gauging stations of west azarbaijan province. for this purpose, the non-parametric spearman cor...

Meaningful play has served as a useful analytic category for game design researchers. Drawing on Huizinga, who asserted that, "[a]ll play means something," (Huizinga, 1955, p. 1) Salen and Zimmerman set out to construct a productive framework for what they deemed, "meaningful play" (Salen & Zimmerman, 2004, pp. 31-36). In their mobilization of meaningful play, Salen and Zimmerman outline a fram...

While performing statistical tests [7] the first question is which statistical test, parametric or non-parametric, is suitable. It is well known that parametric tests have much more power (probability that a statistical test will correctly reject a false null hypothesis, or a probability of avoiding a Type II error) than a non-parametric test. Hence, we should use parametric tests whenever allo...

1. Introduction In conventional setup the analysis of experimental data is based on the assumptions like normality, independence and constant variance of the observations. However, there may arise experimental situations where these assumptions, particularly the assumption of normality, may not be satisfied. In such situations non-parametric test procedures may become quite useful. A lot of att...

INTRODUCTION Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is defined as one of the inflammatory autoimmune disorders and is common. Its exact etiology is unclear. There are some evidences on the role of environmental factors in susceptible genetics. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible role of Selenium, Zinc, Copper, Lead and Magnesium metals in Multiple Sclerosis patients. METHODS In the present ana...

This study investigated the intervention of Zimmerman & Hutchins (2003) Information Synthesization vs. Visualization on Iranian Undergraduate ESP (Accounting) learners’ reading comprehension achievement across gender. 120 ESP University students majoring in Accounting in Iran participated in this study and were assigned to 4 homogeneous groups, 30 male and 30 female students in experimental gro...

Three major approaches have been developed to predict outcomes for concerted reactions controlled by orbital symmetry analysis using (i) correlation diagrams1, (ii) frontier orbital interactions in transition states2 and (iii) incipient aromatic/ antiaromatic character in transition states3-5. The latter approach (Zimmerman-Dewar or Hückel-Möbius) is particularly simple to teach to undergraduat...

Non-parametric paired analyses are approached through the same logic as the parametric paired t-tests: a 2 sample paired analysis can be reduced to a 1 sample test by creating a single distribution of the differences between each pair. If the distribution of the differences are nonnormal, and cannot be normalized by transforming the data to some other ratio scale, a 1 sample non-parametric test...