given limited health sources, how to make drgs (diagnosis related groups) more feasible is a big question in developing countries. this study contributes to the debate on how to bridge the pay-for-service and drgs during the transitional period of payment reform.from 2008 to 2012, 20740 patients with cirrhosis or duodenal ulcer disease were chosen as sample. using multiple linear regression ana...

background informal payments for health care, which are common in many countries, can have negative effects on health care access, equity and health status as they lead people to forgo or delay seeking care, or to sell assets to pay for care. many countries are putting reforms in place with the aim of reducing informal payments. in order to be successful, such policies should be informed by the...

OBJECTIVES The goal was to identify current payment practices in research involving children. METHODS A 4-page survey was mailed to the first author or corresponding author of pediatric research studies. Questions concerned whether children enrolled in research and/or their parents received any form of payment, values and types of remuneration, federal categories of pediatric research under w...

The use of technology in commercial activities for many years has led to the emergence of various new supporting services in the marketplace. Among the services is the e-payment which enables payment done via the electronic medium and without involving any physical cash. E-Payment systems have received different acceptance level throughout the world – some methods of e-payment are highly adopte...

Medicare payment disproportionately impacts rural physicians compared to urban. For example, 51% of rural physicians, compared to 44% of urban physicians, receive at least 38% of their payments from Medicare.1 Thus, the Medicare physician payment system is of significant rural interest. In this policy brief, we present the effects of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernizatio...

Along with globally approaching of the 3G era, the progress of mobile communication technology and the development of mobile terminal devices will rapidly promote the mobilization development of traditional Ecommerce. In order to ensure it to achieve further development, secure, flexible and reliable mobile payment system is becoming more and more important. Compared with the payment pattern of...

Two fundamental payment methods exist for online information purchase: macropayment and micro-payment. Traditional macro-payment methods, like credit and charge cards and digital currency, are suitable for large-value, low-volume transactions. However, large-volume, low-value commodities, such as discrete units of information from a website, better suit a micro-payment model. In micro-payment, ...

Credit based electronic payment systems are considered to play important roles in future automated payment systems Like most other types of payment systems however credit based systems proposed so far generally involve computationally expensive cryptographic operations Such relatively heavy computational load is preventing credit based systems from being used in applications that require very f...