It is well known that a telescope with an unobstructed circular pupil delivers a smaller diffraction pattern than one centrally obstructed by its secondary mirror. Spaceborne dark energy investigations require measuring targets over a wide range of redshifts, with the most distant galaxies being the reddest, faintest, and smallest. For any given signal-to-noise (SNR) requirement, these highest ...

Circuit design will be challenging in the future. Meeting high-speed performance requirement while dissipating low energy cannot be accomplished easily. The ability to identify the energy-delay trade-off during the initial design process allows designers to optimize the overall circuit performance. Using an inverter chain as a representative logic element, this paper investigates the energy-del...

To solve the problem that robot often collides with obstacles such as branches around fruit during picking due to its inability adapt growing environment, this paper proposes an apple-picking path planning algorithm based on improved PSO. The main contents of are: firstly, and surrounding are extracted from 3D point cloud data, direction is calculated; then surface used establish spatial model ...

The losses in fruits and vegetables in various postharvest operations remained high in which tomato is one of the major vegetable fruit. Tomato is a sensitive vegetable whose quality is substantially reduces due to physical damage encountered by various mechanical forces in harvesting, handling and other postharvest operation. In this study an attempt was made to determine mechanical properties...

We investigate hadron attenuation in deep-inelastic lepton scattering off complex nuclei in the kinematic regime of the HERMES experiment. Our transport theoretical simulations reveal strong prehadronic final state interactions of the reaction products with the surrounding nuclear medium early after the initial γ∗N interaction has taken place. In this work we compare our model results with the ...

In-medium production of leading hadrons in hard reactions, carrying the main fraction of the jet momentum, involves two stages: (i) the parton originated from the hard process propagates through the medium radiating gluons due to the initial hard collision, as well as to multiple interactions in the medium; (ii) perturbative color neutralization, e.g. picking up an anti-colored parton produced ...

In this paper, a new guidance method for surface to surface ballistic missiles without mandatory engine cut-off will be presented. The complexity of solid fuel engine cut-off demands a comprehensive method for guiding these missiles. In the method presented in this paper, a certain guidance law is applied such that by transmitting appropriate commands to the control system, by changing the miss...