182 LLE Review, Volume 75 Two-dimensional (2-D) monochromatic imaging of laser-imploded targets1–6 is useful for diagnosing target compression and stability. Here we present a simple method for such imaging, using an array of about 300 pinholes placed in front of a flat-crystal x-ray spectrometer. The main advantage of this method (in addition to its simplicity) is the ability to simultaneously...

the propose of this paper is to introduce a new model for crude oil fouling in preheat trains of crude distillation unit. the experimental results of australian light crude oil with the tube side surface temperatures between 200-260 oc and fluid velocity ranged 0.25 to 0.4m/s were used. the activation energy of chemical reaction depends on the surface temperature has been calculated.  the model...

in this article the effect of fouling on tube side and the overall performance of preheat exchangers of crude distillation unit of petroleum refinery have been investigated. for this purpose the experimental data of australian light crude oil in surface temperature of 200-260oc and the velocity between 0.25 to 0.4 m/s have been used. first, an overall dirty heat transfer coefficient was calcula...

Homes are increasingly filled with connected devices such as wireless door locks, remotely controllable thermostats, and security cameras. Home automation systems, which used to be prohibitively expensive to average consumers, are now offered at an affordable price, accelerating the adoption of “smart” devices in the home. The advances in devices also enable researchers and practitioners to dev...

in this paper, the temperature distribution around a moving heat source had been investigated including the phase change and non phase change . in non-phase change state, the governing equation was converted to finite difference equation by finite volume method and the equation was solved by alternating direction implicit method. this method was unconditionally stable . in phase change state, t...

the premixed counterflow flames propagation in combustion of mixture which is a uniform mixture of fuel particles and air is analytically studied. this analysis framework is based on thermal-diffusion model with assumption that the lewis number is unit and the strain rate is constant. velocity profile is assumed as a function of one variable like x. the structure of the flame is presumed to con...