LLE Review, Volume 82 63 Introduction Fast electrons due to the two-plasmon-decay (2PD) instability have been measured in previous laser-interaction experiments.1,2 The main impact of these electrons in laser-fusion experiments is the possible preheat that can reduce the implosion’s effectiveness. The preheat caused by these electrons is studied by measuring the Kα line emission from highZ laye...

Hydrodynamic experiments have become a very active area within High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics. In such experiments, preheat of an interior surface due to heating prior to shock arrival can alter the initial conditions for further evolution and can change the nature of the experiment (Olson et al., 2003). Unfortunately, preheat cannot typically be detected without undertaking dedica...

We consider a curvaton scenario in which the late-time domination and the generation of the curvature perturbation is achieved by a non-oscillatory (NO) curvaton potential. Instead of considering the conventional curvaton oscillation, we consider “weak trapping” after preheating, which modifies the evolution of the curvaton density after preheating. The primordial isocurvature perturbation rela...

This paper presents a computational study of the impact of preheating, in advance of shock heating, on a structured interface and on the subsequent postshock instability evolution. The study was performed by applying a method, described previously, of evaluating radiative effects using a multidimensional, front-tracking hydrodynamic code with input from a one-dimensional, radiation-hydrodynamic...

The combustion mechanisms of clouds of metal particles are addressed in this research. A microgravity environment was used to create a “stationary model aerosol” consisting of relatively large (100–300 mm diameter), initially motionless particles. The development of individual particle flames, motion of individual particles, and overall aerosol combustion process could be observed simultaneousl...

The interaction of maintained homogeneous isotropic turbulence with lean premixed methane flames is investigated using direct numerical simulation with detailed chemistry. The conditions are chosen to be close to those found in atmospheric laboratory experiments. As the Karlovitz number is increased from 1 to 36, the preheat zone becomes thickened, while the reaction zone remains largely unaffe...

In this report T-T-T diagram and CCT-Curve from austenitizing temperature 1200•Ž were researched and then effects of preheat temperatures and welding thermal cycle on properties of heat affected zone were clarified to investigate weldagility of 21/4 Cr-1Mo steel and also we carried out a restraind crack test to investigate crack sensitivity of the steel. The results of experiments are summarize...

Fractioning and/or preheating treatment on the rheological properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) gels induced by microbial transglutaminase (MTG) has been reported that they may improve the functional properties. However, the optimum condition was varied depending on the experimental factors. This study was to evaluate the effect of red bean protein isolate (RBPI) on the rheological propertie...

Target preheat is a significant concern in inertial confinement fusion experiments because, when the temperature of the target becomes too large, the areal density (density times radius) required for ignition cannot be attained. The majority of preheat comes from fast electrons produced when the laser interacts with the target. When these energetic electrons are slowed by collisions, they relea...