The palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation of enol carbonates derived from lactams and ketones is described. Employing these substrates with an electronically tuned Pd catalyst system trisubstituted chiral centers are produced. These stereocenters have been previously challenging to achieve using Pd complex/chiral P-N ligand systems.

This year six crosses for Pierce’s disease (PD) resistant table and raisin grapes using seedless parents were made, resulting in 2,398 ovules and 747 embryos. These crosses were based on Muscadinia and V. tiliifolia sources of resistance. Nineteen seeded crosses consisting of 3,950 emasculations and 49 bagged clusters were made. These crosses were based on V. arizonica, Muscadinia, and southeas...

Objective(s):Parkinson's disease (PD) is known for motor impairments. But often, there are non-motor symptoms such as cognitive deficiency and pain misperception, owing to possible role of nigrostriatal pathway. Antioxidants have protective effect on free radical-induced neuronal damage in PD. To further address, we examined the effects of ellagic acid (EA) in a rat model of PD induced by 6-hyd...

Palladium/iron bimetallic nanoparticles were synthesized using microemulsion method in the water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion system, which was made up of iso-octane, cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB), butanol and water and characterized by measuring the conductivity of the solution. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) analysis showed that t...

A systematic study into the Sonogashira cross-coupling of 1,1'-diiodoferrocene (fcI2) confirms that the Pd(0)-P((t)Bu)3 system provides a remarkable rate increase over Pd(0)-(PPh3)2. Attempts to couple 4-ethynylphenylthioacetate (2) with fcI2 instead produced a novel cyclic trimer of the former, from syn addition of S-Ac across C≡C.

The program death 1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligands, PD-1 ligand (PD-L)1 and PD-L2, define a novel regulatory pathway with potential inhibitory effects on T, B, and monocyte responses. In the present study, we show that human CD4(+) T cells express PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 upon activation, and Abs to the receptor can be agonists or antagonists of the pathway. Under optimal conditions of stimulati...

parkinson's disease (pd) is a chronic neurodegenerative condition which has the second largest incidence rate among all other neurodegenerative disorders barring alzheimer's disease (ad). currently there is no cure and researchers continue to probe the therapeutic prospect in cell cultures and animal models of pd. out of several factors contributing to pd prognosis, the role of p38 mapks (mitog...

statement of problem: periodontal disease (pd) has been linked to adverse cardiovascular events by unknown mechanisms. c-reactive protein (crp) is a prognostic marker for cardiovascular disease, with reported elevated serum levels during pd. purpose: the aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between pd and higher crp levels in the serum of acute myocardial infarction (ami) pa...

SALT STRESS SIGNALING AND MECHANISMS OF PLANT SALT TOLERANCE Viswanathan Chinnusamy and Jian-Kang Zhu 1, Water Technology Centre, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi – 110012, India; 2, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Reverside, California 92521, USA For correspondence: Email: [email protected]; fa...