نتایج جستجو برای: real income
تعداد نتایج: 630527 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
We analyze the taxation of top personal incomes in Germany on the basis of an integrated data file of individual tax returns and a general household survey for the years 1992 2002. The unique feature of this integrated data set is that it includes all taxpayers in the top percentile of the gross income distribution. We show that despite substantial tax base erosion and significant reductions of...
We analyze the taxation of top personal incomes in Germany on the basis of an integrated data file of individual tax returns and a general household survey for the years 1992 – 2002 which includes all taxpayers in the top percentile of the gross income distribution. We show that the distribution of the tax burden is highly concentrated, and that German income taxation has remained effectively p...
"A common hypothesis regarding the distribution of income is that it tends to become more unequal in the initial and middle stages of economic development, in part because of demographic changes. However, previous studies of the effect of demographic changes on income distribution are not based on the underlying micro determinants of the income components." In the present paper, "the micro de...
In this study, in order to assess and evaluate the role of the budget in the regional disparity of the country, the absolute beta and beta convergence of per capita income of the provinces of the country with the presence of allocation of government funds to the provinces variable's during the period from 1389 to 1393, with using panel spatial econometrics method. Based on the results, the slop...
The evidentiary data detailing the economic state of low-income developing and least developed countries (‘LDCs) is both well known and relatively uncontroversial. On the whole, these nations can be characterised as having a low per capita gross domestic product (‘GDP’), unfortunate standards of living and extremely poor levels of health and services. Moreover, these nations have high levels of...
Commonly used consumption/saving models have radically different implications for households response to income shocks, ranging from the hands-to-mouth model, where consumption bears all the adjustment, to the complete markets model, where wealth bears all the adjustment. In this paper we use the Italian Survey of Household Income and Wealth, which is the only available micro dataset that conta...
With the increasing competition in the telecommunications industry, the operators try their best to increase telecom income via various measures, one of which is to set an amount of income as a goal to make the encouragement. Since accurate forecast of income plays an important role in income target setting, this paper builds a time series Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model (ARIMA) ...
The present study examines the nonlinear dynamic relation among the factors affecting the export of Iran handmade carpets between 1352- 95, and focuses on the macroeconomic variables. For this purpose, the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) Technique is used. The results indicate that there is a nonlinear short-run and long-run relation among the variables of the model. Among the ...
The issue addressed in this paper is the optimal taxation of incomes earned tn the home economy, and of incomes earned abroad, when people can migrate. As a preliminary, the optimal taxation of home incomes when there is migration and no taxation of foreign incomes, is discussed. Then in a more general setting, we deal with optimal taxation of different kinds of labour when another kind of labo...
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