Basic equipment such as incubation and refrigeration systems plays a critical role in nearly all aspects of the traditional biological research laboratory. Their proper functioning is therefore essential to ensure reliable and repeatable experimental results. Despite this fact, in many academic laboratories little attention is paid to validating and monitoring their function, primarily due to t...

In this article, the study of gadolinium material is focused on determining constants and properties material, analysis substructures orientation dipole moments. Research into aspects provides important information atomic-level sub-phenomena in field main magnetocaloric phenomena for magnetic refrigeration regenerator (AMR). The experimental mainly based testing magneto-caloric with different m...

abstract: minimizing the work consumed in refrigeration system is the most effective measure to reduce the cost of products in sub-ambient chemical processes. the introduction of mixed working fluids into refrigeration system in place of pure working fluids is a recent advancement applied in the field. due to the lack of systematic design method for mixed refrigerant cycle (mrc), conventional a...

The energy industry needs to take action against climate change by improving efficiency and increasing the share of renewable sources in mix. On top that, refrigeration, air-conditioning, heat pump equipment account for 25–30% global electricity consumption will increase dramatically next decades. However, some waste cold have not been fully used. These challenges triggered an interest developi...

Low-temperature refrigeration is of crucial importance in fundamental research of condensed matter physics, because the investigations of fascinating quantum phenomena, such as superconductivity, superfluidity, and quantum criticality, often require refrigeration down to very low temperatures. Currently, cryogenic refrigerators with (3)He gas are widely used for cooling below 1 K. However, usag...

In recent years the energy usage of supermarkets, in particular that of their refrigeration systems, has been investigated using a variety of approaches, such as floating pressure set points and integrating the heating and refrigeration systems. Something which has not yet attracted much attention is the energy consumption of the dry condenser fans in refrigeration systems. This is surprising a...