Refrigeration service personnel have used leak detection equipment for years when servicing refrigeration equipment. In the past, leak detection typically was only concerned with leak pinpointing, either with an ultrasonic device, soap bubbles, dyes, thermal conductivity, or other electronic devices. Today, refrigerant leak detectors exist not only for pinpointing leaks, but also for monitoring...

The introduction of new refrigerants into the marketplace to replace CFC's banned by the Montreal Protocol has generated new research, required a review of many refrigeration concepts, and has raised new safety issues. One aspect that required further study occurred because some of the new refrigerants have a higher working pressure in the refrigeration and air conditioning equipment. This caus...

Low-temperature energy systems are processes that require cooling at temperatures below ambient, which are accomplished using refrigeration cycles. Little research has addressed the operational optimisation of refrigeration cycles considering the performance of existing equipment. This work develops a methodology for operational optimisation of refrigerated processes, taking into account existi...

In response to concerns about the contribution of fluorocarbon refrigerants to global climate change, a new, more environmentally sustainable, refrigerant molecule has been developed and is being evaluated. This new molecule is the hydrofluoroolefin 2,3,3,3,-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene, or HFO-1234yf. The molecule has been shown to be stable inside refrigeration equipment, but to quickly decompose if...

A retail store, especially a grocery store, has a high energy density due to decorative illumination and refrigerated cabinets. The purpose of this paper is to measure and analyse energy consumption of a grocery store and develop an energy demand model. The measurement revealed that energy consumption of refrigeration accounts for 60% of the total consumption and an air leakage has an effect on...

The phaseout ofhydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC)-22 will require manufacturers of air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment to find suitable alternatives for this widely-used refrigerant. The R-22 Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation Program (AREP) was established by the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) to assist manufacturers in obtaining performance data on a multitude of R-2...

This paper describes a methodology for remote performance monitoring of retail refrigeration systems. The proposed framework starts with monitoring of the whole refrigeration circuit which allows detecting deviations from expected behavior caused by various faults and degradations. The subsequent diagnostics methods drill down deeper in the equipment hierarchy to more specifically determine roo...

in this paper by the introduction of the basic equipment of a solar cooling system, solar hydrogen ammonia refrigeration system as a solar cooling technique will be discussed. using heat collector and absorption refrigeration allows us to use residual heat, for cooling, heating and producing hot water and boiling water .this research focuses on methods of heat transfer from the sun into the gen...