The causes and mechanisms of corrosion of reinforcing bars in concrete are described in terms of the practical issues as well as the electrochemistry. The parameters affecting corrosion are (i) the ingress of aggressive species, such as chlorides, which break down the protective film on the reinforcing bar and (ii) the amount of those species necessary to do so. The former is largely controlled...

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the crack width induced by the corrosion of reinforcing steel bars in concrete. Reinforcing steel bars with different diameters were corroded using an accelerated test in three types of concrete members, including 24 beams with corroded stirrup and 20 beams with corroded longitudinal reinforcing steel bars. The corrosion patterns and rusts ch...

in this paper, moment-curvature behavior and ductility of prestressed concrete members based on nonlinear analysis is investigated. influence of various design parameters on ductility of flexural members is determined according to appropriate materials models for stress-strain curves of concrete, prestressing steel and conventional reinforcements. parameters studied include reinforcing index (ω...

The present investigation evaluated relations between bullying, victimisation, multiple dimenstions of self-concept, sex and age over two occasions for a large sample of students (N =3445) from six high schools in Year 7 to 11. In Study 1, there was strong psychometric support (confirmatory factor analysis and reliability) for two new instruments; a new short version of the widely used Self Des...

BACKGROUND The students' vulnerability to different problems can have an impact on their mental health. Regarding the lack of evidence on the effectiveness of interventional programs based on health education planning models in this area in developing countries, an educational-participatory program based on the PRECEDE model was used, to promote the medical science students' self-esteem and men...

BACKGROUND Poor quality of life is common among diabetic patients, and educational intervention is one of the most effective strategies to improve the quality of life for chronic patients. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of an educational intervention based on PRECEDE-PROCEED in quality of life of diabetic patients, in 2016. METHODS In this quasi-experimental study, 86 patients referred ...

BACKGROUND Growth retardation in children is a result of nutritional ignorance, inappropriate care, and inadequate monitoring of growth monitoring. This study was performed to assess the effect of mothers education program based on the precede model on the mean weight of children (6-12 months) at health centers in Shiraz, Fars Province. METHODS This quasi experimental study was conducted on 1...

Southeast Asian women have higher invasive cervical cancer incidence rates and lower Pap testing frequencies than most other racial/ethnic groups in the United States. However, there is little information about the cervical cancer screening behavior of Cambodian-American women. Cambodian residents of Seattle were surveyed in person during late 1997 and early 1998. The PRECEDE model was used to ...

In this study pure Al and pre-alloyed Al alloy powders (Alumix 231Al-Cu %2.5-Mg %0.5–Si %14) with or without reinforcing elements were used to produce classical Al foam or spherical Al foam with various production parameters by using powder metallurgy route and the results obtained have been discussed. Al2O3 and SiC particles were used as reinforcing elements and TiH2 powders were used as foami...