An efficient formulation for the robust shape optimization of aerodynamic objects is introduced in this paper. The formulation has three essential features. First, an Euler solver based on a second-order Godunov scheme is used for the flow calculations. Second, a genetic algorithm with binary number encoding is implemented for the optimization procedure. The third ingredient of the procedure is...

Pipe systems are often used to transfer moderate to medium water volumes between reservoirs or from well fields to consumers. Such systems consisting of an arbitrary number of reservoirs or other types of sources and sinks are considered here. The Lagrangean optimization principle is used for the determination of all pipe diameters giving minimum total cost of the system, when the individual di...

BACKGROUND Most nurse educators regard students who enter postgraduate studies as adult learners capable of self-direction and independent learner behaviour. Therefore, a mismatch between the nurse educator's expectation of adult learners and actual adult learner conduct may result in disappointment and even frustration for both educator and learner. PURPOSE This article is a report of a seco...

This paper introduces ‘The Aesthetic Experience Prism’, a framework for studying how components of aesthetic experience materialize in the model’s of interaction of novel musical interfaces as well as how the role of aesthetics could be made more explicit in the processes of designing interaction for musical technologies. The Aesthetic Experience Prism makes use of Arthur Danto’s framework of a...

This paper will track how three design research students utilised their developing research skills in industry and society while undertaking a PhD. Traditionally in design schools, there has been little direct transition between design research methods and design practices and processes. This is changing. As clients, and society in general, demand more evidence-based answers to design decisions...