The RF MEMS technology has a great potential to replace conventional switching techniques and it can offer highly miniature switches and sensors with superior RF performance. The main principle of a RF MEMS based power senor is based on sensing the attractive electrostatic force between the signal line and a free standing electrode that is suspended at a small distance from the signal line. Key...

Resonant-layer effect RLE optical isolators can be integrated with a wide variety of optical waveguide devices and systems and theoretically provide a high degree of isolation with low insertion loss. The effect of mode coupling within the isolator and the losses due to coupling between the isolator and the input and output waveguides on the performance of RLE isolators is calculated. The resul...

— We introduce an analytical framework to understand the path for scaling nanophotonic interconnects to meet the energy and footprint requirements of CMOS global interconnects. We derive the device requirements for sub 100 fJ/cm/bit interconnects including tuning power, serialization-deserialization energy, and optical insertion losses. Using CMOS with integrated nanophotonics as an example pla...

Microwave circuits embedded in a multi-layer resin PCB are demonstrated using low loss resin materials. Resin materials for microwave frequencies were compared with conventional FR-4 with respect to dielectric and conductor loss factors, which proved that losses could be reduced drastically with the low loss material and design optimizations. Baluns, switches and BPFs were designed and fabricat...

«corporate social responsibility» is the term of 1990 extensively, with the liberation of the economy and a profound gap between the role of the social and economic, was created, emerged. the theory is, at first, be fitted; as effects alien before it aspect of the commercial enterprises, solely for economic activity for your maximum profit for attention of return and profit without cost, for it...

Central venous line malposition is a well-known complication of line insertion. Rarely, it can be mal-positioned in an anomalous pulmonary vein. We present an unusual case of a 56-year-old woman that was found to have partial anomalous pulmonary venous return on central venous line insertion. In this report, we describe a systematic approach to diagnosis and management of this unusual situation.

A quasi-distributed fiber optic sensor is developed for embedment in concrete structures. The sensor principles are simple, and therefore, practical for crack detection and deformation measurement in civil structural applications. The distributed sensor developed herein operates based on the intensity measurements of optical power. The sensor consists of a number of individual segments on one l...

Automatic milking systems (AMS) offer relief from the demanding routine of milking. Although many AMS are in use in Europe and a few are used in the United States, the potential benefit for American farms is uncertain. A farm-simulation model was used to determine the long-term, whole-farm effect of implementing AMS on farm sizes of 30 to 270 cows. Highest farm net return to management and unpa...