DNA size markers (ladder) are essential tools in molecular biology, genetics and biotechnology. In this study, a simple and cost-effective method for laboratory production of DNA ladders is introduced. For this purpose, different sizes of 100 to 2000 bp DNA segments were designed using PCR technique. For producing 14 different gene fragments as DNA molecular weight markers, recombinant plasmid ...

The purpose of this research is to present a new mathematical modeling for a vehicle routing problem considering concurrently the criteria such as distance, weight, traffic considerations, time window limitation, and heterogeneous vehicles in the reverse logistics network for collection of expired products. In addition, we aim to present an efficient solution approach according to differential ...

[1] Foreshock sequences have repeatedly been observed in the thrust faulting system of the Chengkung area in eastern Taiwan. Examinations of earthquakes since 1992 in this area show all six of the larger earthquakes (ML R 5) had foreshocks at a distance of only a few kilometres within just a few days before the main shocks. The largest earthquake (ML = 6.5) on December 10, 2003 was preceded by ...

Abstract. In this paper, the exact formulae for the generalized degree distance, degree distance and reciprocal degree distance of strong product of a connected and the complete multipartite graph with partite sets of sizes m0, m1, . . . , mr−1 are obtained. Using the results obtained here, the formulae for the degree distance and reciprocal degree distance of the closed and open fence graphs a...

Fractures around the acromion are a known complication of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. The literature provides limited data on the risk factors associated with this complication as well as the ultimate outcomes after nonoperative treatment. The goal of this study was to report clinical outcomes in patients with acromial fractures after nonoperatively treated reverse total shoulder arthr...

In this paper, we propose an end-to-end route optimization scheme for nested mobile networks, which we refer to as Recursive Binding Update plus (RBU+). A nested mobile network is a hierarchical form of mobile networks. Nested mobile networks suffer from a pinball routing problem with hierarchical mobile routers. This problem becomes more serious in the case of macro mobility, as the routing di...

The contradiction between economic development and environmental deterioration makes people begin to have a further understanding of the ecology and environment. To promote effective development of reverse logistics and implementation, according to general activity process of manufacturing enterprises, this paper builds the manufacturing system model of reverse logistics. On the basis of activi...

The exact distance p-power of a graph G, denoted G[#p], is on vertex set V(G) in which two vertices are adjacent if they at exactly p G. Given integers k and p, we define f(k, p) to be the maximum possible order clique p-powers graphs with degree + 1. It easily observed that 2) ≤ k2 We prove equality may only hold connected component G isomorphic member class Pk incidence finite projective k-ge...