Mutations in rhodopsin cause retinitis pigmentosa in humans and retinal degeneration in a multitude of other animals. We utilized high-resolution live imaging of the large rod photoreceptors from transgenic frogs (Xenopus) to compare the properties of fluorescently tagged rhodopsin, Rho-EGFP, and Rho(P23H)-EGFP. The mutant was abnormally distributed both in the inner and outer segments (OS), ac...

Let $S$ be an ordered semigroup. A fuzzy subset of $S$ is anarbitrary mapping   from $S$ into $[0,1]$, where $[0,1]$ is theusual interval of real numbers. In this paper,  the concept of fuzzygeneralized bi-ideals of an ordered semigroup $S$ is introduced.Regular ordered semigroups are characterized by means of fuzzy leftideals, fuzzy right ideals and fuzzy (generalized) bi-ideals.Finally, two m...

If F is a set-valued mapping from IRn into IRm with closed graph, then y ∈ IRm is a critical value of F if for some x with y ∈ F (x), F is not metrically regular at (x, y). We prove that the set of critical values of a set-valued mapping whose graph is a definable (tame) set in an o-minimal structure containing additions and multiplications is a set of dimension not greater than m − 1 (resp. a ...

If F is a set-valued mapping from IR n into IR m with closed graph, then y ∈ IR m is a critical value of F if for some x with y ∈ F (x), F is not metrically regular at (x, y). We prove that the set of critical values of a set-valued mapping whose graph is a definable (tame) set in an o-minimal structure containing additions and multiplications is a set of dimension not greater than m − 1 (resp....

Rho GTPases are conformational switches that control a wide variety of signaling pathways critical for eukaryotic cell development and proliferation. They represent attractive targets for drug design as their aberrant function and deregulated activity is associated with many human diseases including cancer. Extensive high-resolution structures (>100) and recent mutagenesis studies have laid the...

PURPOSE To identify the gene mutations responsible for autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP) in Pakistani families. METHODS A cohort of consanguineous families with typical RP phenotype in patients was screened by homozygosity mapping using microsatellite markers that mapped close to 21 known arRP genes and five arRP loci. Mutation analysis was performed by direct sequencing of the ...

and Applied Analysis 3 It is well known that, in an infinite dimensional Hilbert space, the normal Mann iterative algorithm has only weak convergence, in general, even for nonexpansive mappings. Hybrid projection algorithms are popular tool to prove strong convergence of iterative sequences without compactness assumptions. Recently, hybrid projection algorithms have received rapid developments;...

We show that a random 4-regular graph asymptotically almost surely (a.a.s.) has chromatic number 3. The proof uses an efficient algorithm which a.a.s. 3colours a random 4-regular graph. The analysis includes use of the differential equation method, and exponential bounds on the tail of random variables associated with branching processes. A substantial part of the analysis applies to random d-r...

Pedigree polytopes are extensions of the classical Symmetric Traveling Salesman Problem polytopes whose graphs (1-skeletons) contain the TSP polytope graphs as spanning subgraphs. While deciding adjacency of vertices in TSP polytopes is coNP-complete, Arthanari has given a combinatorial (polynomially decidable) characterization of adjacency in Pedigree polytopes. Based on this characterization,...

For each prime p, we study the eigenvalues of a 3-regular graph on roughly p 2 vertices constructed from Markoff surface. We show they asymptotically follow Kesten–McKay law, which also describes random regular graph. The proof is based method moments and takes advantage natural group action