We developed a new type of molecular rods consisting of two (or more) rigid units linked by a flexible joint. Consequently we called these constructs articulated rods (ARs). The syntheses of ARs were carried out by a flexible and modular approach providing access to a number of compounds with various functionalizations in terminal positions. First applications were presented with pyrene, cinnam...

Background Retrospective review of 62 consecutive patients affected by AIS (Lenke type 1 or 2) treated by posterior fusion with pedicle screw-only instrumentation. Three groups identified: Pre-Rod (direct derotation procedure done before inserting rods), Single-Rod (derotation done after concave rod insertion) Double-Rod (after both rods). The Pre-Rods insertion cases showed a significantly bet...

Although rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the vertebrate retina are anatomically connected or coupled by gap junctions, a type of electrical synapse, rod-cone electrical coupling is thought to be weak. Using tracer labeling and electrical recording in the goldfish retina and tracer labeling in the mouse retina, we show that the retinal circadian clock, and not the retinal response to the vis...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Our previous studies have shown that supplementation with 17beta-estradiol (E2) from the onset of diabetes attenuates diabetic nephropathy. However, E2 is accompanied by feminizing effects as well as adverse side effects on other organs. The current study examined the renoprotective effects of a selective estrogen receptor modulator, raloxifene (RAL), in an experimental model of...

We report a high-peak-power, single-polarized master oscillator power amplification system employing polarizationmaintaining Yb-doped rod-type photonic crystal fiber. The MOPA system comprises of a Q-switched microchip laser generating ~630ps pulses at 8.6 kHz repetition-rate and two amplification stages employing double cladding fiber and rod-type PCF respectively. The MOPA system obtains narr...

Mutation of rod photoreceptor-enriched transcription factors is a major cause of inherited blindness. We identified the orphan nuclear hormone receptor estrogen-related receptor beta (ERRbeta) as selectively expressed in rod photoreceptors. Overexpression of ERRbeta induces expression of rod-specific genes in retinas of wild-type as well as Nrl(-/-) mice, which lack rod photoreceptors. Mutation...

Application of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles to repair damaged enamel has attracted recent attention. In this study, HAp nanoparticles with various morphologies (spherical, short-rod, long-rod and fiber morphologies) were synthesized via chemical precipitation methods without the addition of template molecules, and the adsorption/desorption behaviors of a cationic antibacterial agent, cety...

Six CMK-n replicas (n = 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) were synthesized using a new, facile versatile method based on surface-selective deposition of poly(furfuryl alcohol) onto the silica matrix. The concept synthesis relies in situ polycondensation carbon precursor toluene suspension hard template. Preferential pre-adsorption monomer provides even coverage its surface with polymer, which is prerequisi...

Until now, identification of components of the flagellar protein export apparatus has been indirect. We have now identified these components directly by establishing whether mutants defective in putative export components could translocate export substrates across the cytoplasmic membrane into the periplasmic space. Hook-type proteins could be exported to the periplasm of rod mutants, indicatin...

The morphology and spectral absorption characteristics of the retinal photoreceptors in the southern hemisphere lamprey Geotria australis (Agnatha) were studied using light and electron microscopy and microspectrophotometry. The retinae of both downstream and upstream migrants of Geotria contained two types of cone photoreceptor and one type of rod photoreceptor. Visual pigments contained in th...