abstract wenner direct contact method is a method of estimating apparent electrical conductivity (eca) of agricultural soils in situ. this method can be affected by factors such as quality of electrodes in contact with soil, type of employed electric current, moisture content, clay content and compaction of soil. in this research, the effect of electrode type (rod and plate) and electric curren...

the coordinate transformation allows the exact calculation of some electrode configurations. in this paper the prolate spherical coordination transformation is used to calculate the field of a hyperboloiderod against plan electrode. the exact field is caculated using two new parameters: 1) electrodes spacing and 2) the radius of curvature of the tip of the rod electrode. the partial discharge i...

The present study aims at designing a promising Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) to utilize wastewater in order to generate electricity. Two types of salt bridge have been used in MFC (KCl and NaCl). The maximum electricity generation with 1M KCl and NaCl has been 823 and 713 mV, respectively. Varied salt concentrations (0.5M, 1M, 2M, and 3M) of salt bridge in MFC have been analyzed with different fac...

The present study aims at designing a promising Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) to utilize wastewater in order to generate electricity. Two types of salt bridge have been used in MFC (KCl and NaCl). The maximum electricity generation with 1M KCl and NaCl has been 823 and 713 mV, respectively. Varied salt concentrations (0.5M, 1M, 2M, and 3M) of salt bridge in MFC have been analyzed with different fac...

This paper deals with the measurement of AC corona inception voltage, Vincp, at the tip of a rod electrode using a hemispherically-capped rod-plane electrode configuration for various rod radii with a short air gap. Effects of atmospheric pressure and temperature variation on Vincp are investigated experimentally. An empirical equation for the field form factors of the hemispherically cappe...

We compared two electroretinography (ERG) electrodes in dogs using ERG standards of the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV). Ten healthy Yorkshire terrier dogs (mean age, 2.80 ± 1.42 years; 6 females) weighing 5.20 ± 1.56 kg were evaluated using an ERG system for veterinary use. Dark- and light-adapted ERG responses were recorded using an ERG-Jet electrode and...

BACKGROUND In infant ERG recordings skin electrodes frequently result in a better compliance. In order to assess the quality of such recordings, we compared the recording characteristics of DTL microfiber and Neuroline surface electrodes using a modified ISCEV protocol in the Mini Ganzfeld ERG. METHODS A prospective cohort study on healthy adult subjects was conducted at the Department of Oph...

Non-thermal plasma (NTP) has been introduced over the last few years as a promising after- treatment system for nitrogen oxides and particulate matter removal from diesel exhaust. NTP technology has not been commercialised as yet, due to its high rate of energy consumption. Therefore, it is important to seek out new methods to improve NTP performance. Residence time is a crucial parameter in en...

Lightning strikes on high-voltage transmission lines may create hazardous touch potentials on adjacent substation equipment and damage control equipment. When designing suitable substation earthing electrodes to overcome this problem and safely dissipate the transient fault currents to ground, it is essential to consider the behaviour of the current flow. The steadystate frequency equivalent to...

A method of controllable light delivery to retinal rod cells using an optical fiber is described. Photo-induced current of the living rod cells was measured with the suction electrode technique. The approach was tested with measurements relating the spatial distribution of the light intensity to photo-induced current. In addition, the ion current responses of rod cells to polarized light at two...