OBJECTIVE The paper examines whether out-of-pocket health care expenditure also has regional discrepancies, comparing to the equity between urban and rural areas, and across households. METHOD Sampled data were derived from Urban Household Survey and Rural Household Survey data for 2011/2012 for Anhui Province, and 11049 households were included in this study. The study compared differences i...

PURPOSE African Americans are at increased risk for diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and rural residents have historically had decreased access to care. It is unclear whether living in a rural area and being African American confers added risks for diagnosis and control of diabetes and hypertension. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes and hypertensio...

OBJECTIVE To analyse rural-urban and intra-rural disparities in health status in Canada and to compare Canada with Australia with respect to such disparities. DESIGN Four indicators were used to show rural-urban and intra-rural differences in health status: (i) mortality due to circulatory diseases, (ii) mortality due to cancer, (iii) injury-related mortality; and (iv) all-cause mortality. Ru...

in this study which was carried out in 1974 in the province of isphahan a total of 23,273 individuals in the cities, and 18,671 individuals in the villages of the same area were studied. results show that the median age in rural area is 16 and in urban area is 18 years. the birth rate in rural is 27.7 per thousand were as the same rate in urban area is 40.2 per thousand. similarly the general f...

BACKGROUND Childhood fevers due to malaria remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children in Nigeria. The degree of vulnerability perceived by mothers will affect their perception of the severity and threat of their child's fever and the patterns of health care use. This study was undertaken to compare maternal responses to childhood fever in urban and rural areas of ...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of race on the likelihood of patients being recommended for surgery after a diagnosis of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. METHODS A total of 68,445 cases of oral and oropharyngeal cancer were extracted from the 1988 to 2005 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. County-level rurality data and income data were merged using the US Departm...

OBJECTIVE This study's objective was to determine whether students' learning experiences, as measured by the improvement in students' perceived competence in several clinical areas, varied by the preceptorship county's rurality. METHODS Rural preceptorship experiences from 1990 to 2003 were assessed using pre- and post-preceptorship questionnaires regarding students' perceived levels of compe...

This study aimed to explore the gap regarding technology integration between urban and rural schools based on the Will Skill Tool model. This study was guided by three main questions: 1) Is there any significant difference in terms of technology availability between rural and urban elementary schools?; 2) Is there any significant difference in terms of teachers’ attitudes, competence, levels an...

Key differences between urban and rural populations can influence the adoption and impacts of new cooking technologies and fuels. We examine these differences among urban and rural households that are part of the REACCTING study in Northern Ghana. While urban and rural populations in the study area all use multiple stoves, the types of stoves and fuels differ, with urban participants more likel...