Under-Water Acoustic (UWA) communication networks are commonly formed by associating various independent UWA vehicles and transceivers connected to the bottom of sea with battery-operated power modems. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one most vital innovations for communications, having improved data rates ability transform fading channels into flat fading. Moreover, OFDM m...

Here we report on data from an oceanographic cruise on the German research vessel Meteor covering large parts of the Mediterranean Sea during spring of 2011. The main objective of this cruise was to conduct measurements of physical, chemical and biological variables on a section across the Mediterranean Sea with the goal of producing a synoptic picture of the distribution of relevant physical a...

Monomolecular surface films (“sea slicks”) are well known to dampen small-scale waves at the water surface, and thereby to influence transport processes at the air-sea interface. Because of their strong wave-damping capabilities they can often be delineated on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery, but also on satellite imagery acquired in the visible and infrared spectral ranges. Since sea sl...

− Understanding the electromagnetic interactions with sea spray is of interest for many applications such as satellite or terrestrial communications, remote sensing systems for surveillance and meteorology. The water droplets in spray are a key factor in the energy transfer between the atmosphere and the ocean, which can help the wind speed retrieval algorithms for the global climate models. Fu...

this is a survey of some recent applications of abstract algebra, and in particular group rings, to the `communications' areas.

As an acoustic communications medium, water is characterized by frequency dependent attenuation, short range, very low bandwidth, scattering, and multi-path. It is generally difficult to acoustically communicate even terse messages underwater much less images. For the naval mine countermeasures mission, there is value in transmitting images, if possible. The contribution of this paper is a meth...

SR2 is a solar powered autonomous planetary rover designed and built at the University of Oklahoma in collaboration with Malin Space Science Systems. This robot was created to explore the feasibility of long autonomous traverses through Marslike terrain – traverses in excess of a kilometer a day requiring no more than a single communications between the robot and mission control. This is a subs...

Global average sea levels are expected to rise by up to a metre by the end of the century. This long-term rise will combine with shorter-term changes in sea level (e.g. high tides, storm surges) to increase risks of flooding and erosion in vulnerable coastal areas. As communities become increasingly exposed to these risks, understanding their beliefs and responses becomes more important. While ...

in this study the lc50 96h values of water-soluble fractions (wsf) of the caspian sea ? exploited crude oil were determined in beluga, huso huso fingerlings. the fingerlings averaged 2.42 ? 0.11 g in weight were exposed to wsf crude oil at concentrations 24.75, 27, 29.25, 31.5, 33.75, 36, 38.25 ppm. the treatments were performed in three replicates and all changes in the specimens were determin...