BACKGROUND HBV is second to tobacco as a known human carcinogen and the 10th leading cause of death worldwide. OBJECTIVES To examine the socio-demographic characteristics of health care workers and hepatitis B virus in Public Teaching Hospitals in Khartoum State, Sudan, in 2004. METHODS It was an observational, cross sectional, facility-based study. A total of 843 subjects were selected. It...

Purpose: Uncorrected visual acuity is the only variable measured in vision screening programs in many countries worldwide. The aim of this study was to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the uncorrected visual acuity in the screening programs for the diagnosis of refractive errors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, of 4,157 students in the first year of primar...

PURPOSE To determine the normal distribution of corneal diameter in a 40- to 64-year-old population and its association with other biometric components. METHODS In a cross-sectional population-based study, subjects were selected through multistage cluster sampling from the 40- to 64-year-old citizens of Shahroud in northern Iran. After obtaining informed consents, optometry tests including re...

For any informed decision making about community-oriented nursing, it is necessary to map out the community regarding the psychological factors. This study is an attempt to estimate the mental disorders' rate among the age group of 15-65 in the urban areas of Ardabil province. A sample of 1430 individuals was selected through random multistage cluster sampling. The instruments employed in this ...

Background: The association of duration of breastfeeding (BF) with weight disorders remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the association of BF with anthropometric measures and weight disorders in Iranian children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: Using multistage random cluster sampling method, a representative sample of 25,000 school students were selected from urban and r...

A recent relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance has been established through several studies. Research suggests a correlation between serum vitamin D and glycemic status measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the plasma vitamin D levels (25[OH]D) and the factors linked to insulin resis...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to estimate the bias and design effects associated with the Expanded Program on Immunization's (EPI) sampling design when estimating xerophthalmia prevalence, and to estimate the savings associated with EPI in terms of distance travelled within selected clusters. METHODS Computer simulation of the EPI sampling strategy was done using maps from a xeroph...

We present a cluster-based sampling and ensemble method to learn from large, imbalanced data set for bleeding detection in CE videos. Our method selects training examples randomly according to the data distributions derived from clustering. Multiple training sets are created such that data balance is restored. The sampling probability is proportional to the cluster distribution, and within each...

Background: Mental disorder is one of the most important diseases of which is predicted to increase from 10.5% to 15% until 2020. This study aimed to determine economic factors influencing mental health using multiple regression models in Ilam province in 2013. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 903 families from different cities of Ilam were selected using multistage cluster sampling. ...