"Inl statistical inference proper, the model is never questioned. . . . The methods of mathematical statistics do not provide us with a means of specifying the model." 1 Few would question the profundity of the above quotes. Yet in practice the methodological dictum contained therein is invariably violated. In practice we ordinarily face data with an imperfectly specified model and learn of our...

ABSTRACf Most of the other chapters in this volume are devoted to various parametric models arising in the classical sequential analysis pertaining to statistical decision theory including sequential testing as well as {point and interval} estimation problems. Though of relatively recent origins, various nonparametric models have also been worked out for these tradi tional problems in sequentia...

the bioavailability of trace metals, their biological uptake and ecotoxiccological effect on soil biota can be better understood in terms of their chemical fractionation. the present study examined the mobility and availability of cd, cu, ni, pb and zn in sewage water – irrigated soils using sequential extraction technique as a basis for predicting metal uptake by plants. the residual fraction ...

We propose nested sequential Monte Carlo (NSMC), a methodology to sample from sequences of probability distributions, even where the random variables are high-dimensional. NSMC generalises the SMC framework by requiring only approximate, properly weighted, samples from the SMC proposal distribution, while still resulting in a correct SMC algorithm. Furthermore, NSMC can in itself be used to pro...

Sequential sample selection methods are distinguished from conventional methods in the manner in which random numbers are used to determine the sample. Conventionally, a sample of size n is selected from a sampling frame of N sampling units by selecting n random numbers and mapping then into n of the labels in the sampling frame. Sequential methods require each sampling unit in the sampling fra...

Current synonym extraction methods work in a “closed” way. Given the problem word and set of target words, researchers have to choose words synonymous with the problem word using features such as lexical patterns and distributional similarities. This paper tries to discover synonyms in an “open” way and presents a synonym extraction framework based on self-supervised learning. We first analysis...

The objective of this laboratory study was to identify and measure manganese (Mn) fractions in chamber-generated welding fumes (WF) and to evaluate and compare the results from a sequential extraction procedure for Mn fractions with that of an acid digestion procedure for measurement of total, elemental Mn. To prepare Mn-containing particulate matter from representative welding processes, a wel...

A novel two-step sequential extraction has been developed to assess the bioaccessibility of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in airborne particulate matter following inhalation and transport into the human gastrointestinal tract by mucociliary clearance. A new artificial mucus fluid (AMF) was used to determine the bioaccessible potentially toxic element (PTE) fraction in the upper airways,...

The sequential extraction of Cr from soil to soil eluates was studied. The influence of conditions of soil sample preparation and conditions of eluates obtained in the final result of Cr extraction from soil and its determination were found. Conditions protecting the total extraction of Cr from soil to solutions were