Courtyard geometry plays an important role in the amount of received solar radiation, also heating and cooling energy consumption of buildings. Considering this geometry for finding its proper proportion and orientation is significant to increase indoor thermal comfort, and as a result reduce the amount of energy consumption. This paper mainly focuses on a dormitory courtyard in Yazd and invest...

The details of oriented visual stimuli are better resolved when they are horizontal or vertical rather than oblique. This "oblique effect" has been confirmed in numerous behavioral studies in humans and to some extent in animals. However, investigations of its neural basis have produced mixed and inconclusive results, presumably due in part to limited sample sizes. We have used a database to an...

Visual channels detect specific frequencies or orientations of periodic visual patterns, such as gratings. However, when we look at the world, we rarely see gratings. Mostly, we see complex objects. Aside from being used to detect simple patterns, what role do channels play in identifying real life objects like letters? Since letters contain multiple orientations, there must be a mechanism in t...