Correlations between developmentally plastic traits may constrain the joint evolution of traits. In plants, both seedling de-etiolation and shade avoidance elongation responses to crowding and foliage shade are mediated by partially overlapping developmental pathways, suggesting the possibility of pleiotropic constraints. To test for such constraints, we exposed inbred lines of Impatiens capens...

This study was designed to evaluate effects of light-irradiated intensities directly and indirectly through resin composites to one- and two-step self-etch adhesives on dentin bonding. One-step (Clearfil S(3) Bond; TS, Bond Force; BF) or two-step (Clearfil SE Bond; SE) self-etch adhesives was applied to dentin surface. The adhesive agent was light-cured with light-intensity of 350 or 600 mW/cm(...

INTRODUCTION Smile is one of the most important interactive communication skills of a person. A smile is the key factor for an aesthetic appearance. Hence aesthetics is one of the motivating factor for the patients to seek dental care. Correction of unaesthetic appearance gives a positive effect to the self esteem of the patient. AIM The aim of this study was to compare the difference in the ...

Field microplot experiments were conducted from 1995 to 1998 to determine the relationship between fresh shoot weight of stalk-cut broadleaf and shade-grown cigar wrapper tobacco types (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and initial density of Globodera tabacum tabacum second stage juveniles (J2) per cm(3) soil. Total shoot weight was negatively correlated with initial nematode densities of 12.3 to 747.3 J2...

Foraging time may be constrained by a suite of phenomena including weather, which can restrict a species' activity and energy intake. This is recognized as pivotal for many species whose distributions are known to correlate with climate, including kangaroos, although such impacts are rarely quantified. We explore how differences in shade seeking, a thermoregulatory behavior, of 2 closely-relate...

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Ceramic restorations should be made of porcelain layers of different opacity, shade, and thickness in order to provide a natural appearance. By means of CAD/CAM layering technology such as CICERO, it is feasible to produce all-ceramic crowns with porcelain layers of predetermined thickness. However, it is not yet known whether changes in thickness of these porcelain layers ...

Shifts in resource use may be an important mechanism by which organisms can adjust to novel environmental conditions, such as those imposed by climate change. However, for such shifts to be possible, environmental space must exist into which organisms can move. Habitat that ensures successful survival and reproduction is one such critical resource. We studied resource selection of shade cover o...

One hundred twelve crossbred feedlot heifers were used in two experiments to assess the impact of heat stress and its relief by shade and(or) water misting on behavior, physiology, performance, and carcass traits. Treatments were 1) no shading or misting (CONT); 2) only misting (MIST); 3) only shading (SHADE); and 4) shading plus misting (SHMI). Head in the feed bunk, head in or above the water...

We exposed Populus tremuloides Michx. and Acer saccharum Marsh. to a factorial combination of ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) and high-nitrogen (N) and low-N soil treatments in open-top chambers for 3 years. Our objective was to compare photosynthetic acclimation to elevated [CO2] between species of contrasting shade tolerance, and to determine if soil N or shading m...