A number of insect effector genes activated by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) are dually controlled by the ecdysteroid receptor (EcR/USP) and products of ecdysteroid early responsive genes (E74, E75, and Broad). However, the molecular mechanism of this dual action is poorly understood. Here we examined transcriptional activation of the vitellogenin (Vg) gene in the yellow fever mo...

Insect vitellogenin (Vg) has been considered to be synthesized in the fat body. Here, we found that abundant Vg protein is synthesized in Laodelphax striatellus hemocytes as well. We also determined that only the hemocyte-produced Vg binds to Rice stripe virus (RSV) in vivo. Examination of the subunit composition of L. striatellus Vg (LsVg) revealed that LsVg was processed differently after its...

BACKGROUND Pathological vascular remodeling in venous bypass grafts (VGs) results in smooth muscle cell (SMC) intimal hyperplasia and provides the substrate for progressive atherosclerosis, the principal cause of late VG failure. Nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity is reduced in VGs, in association with increased vascular superoxide production, but how these features relate to pathological VG remodel...

BACKGROUND Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. or Vietnamese ginseng (VG) is a recently discovered ginseng species. Studies on its chemical constituents have shown that VG is remarkably rich in ginseng saponins, particularly ocotillol saponins. However, the psychopharmacological effects of VG have not been characterized. Thus, in the present study we screened the psychopharmacological activities o...

BACKGROUND Virtual reality (VR) and physical model (PM) simulators differ in terms of whether the trainee is manipulating actual 3-dimensional objects (PM) or computer-generated 3-dimensional objects (VR). Much like video games (VG), VR simulators utilize computer-generated graphics. These differences may have profound effects on the utility of VR and PM training platforms. In this study, we ai...

Supercapacitor electrodes, composed of vertically-oriented graphene (VG) and MnO2, are synthesized on native SiO2-passivated silicon wafers. The VG layers with a thickness ~3 μm deposited directly the substrates via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). distribution levels MnO2 formed electrodepositing method investigated by using different types solutions. deeper infiltration depo...

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is caused by leakage of CSF, and characterized on MRI by brain sagging, dilatation of veins and dural sinuses, subdural fluid collections and post-contrast enhancement of the thickened dura. A few cases may present a very severe brain sagging through the tentorial notch and swelling of the diencephalic-mesencephalic structures, with absent or scarce su...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to establish reliable parameters of the correct position of the Veress needle in the peritoneal cavity during creation of pneumoperitoneum. METHODS The Veress needle was inserted into the peritoneal cavity of 100 selected patients, and a carbon-dioxide flow rate of 1.2 L/min and a maximum pressure of 12 mm Hg were established. Intraperitoneal pressure (IP) a...

Previous investigations have suggested that probenecid (PRB) alters the in vivo disposition of valproic acid (VPA), perhaps by inhibiting hepatic formation of valproate glucuronide (VG). Because VPA and PRB bind moderately to plasma proteins, protein binding also is a potential locus of interaction. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether in vitro systems could accurately pre...