There is no description of modernity without functional differentiation. The distinction of function systems such as economy, science, art, or religion, is a key to modernity. Modern science, however, applies and implies rather than studies functional differentiation without providing exact definitions of function systems or investigating how many of these systems actually exist. The present ar...

This paper charts the development of distinctive academic costume worn by undergraduate members England’s second oldest university, Cambridge. It follows evolution in dress from differentiation based upon social class and wealth (and regulated as such University) to one differentiation, most historical cases at least, college which undergraduates are members, about University’s only current sti...

Encystation and sporulation are crucial developmental transitions for solitary and social amoebae, respectively. Whereas little is known of encystation, sporulation requires both extra- and intracellular cAMP. After aggregation of social amoebae, extracellular cAMP binding to surface receptors and intracellular cAMP binding to cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) act together to induce prespore ...

OBJECTIVE Aim of the study is to examine the impact of labelling on public attitudes towards people with schizophrenia and major depression. METHOD In Spring 2001, a representative survey was carried out in Germany involving adults of German nationality (n = 5025). RESULTS Labelling as mental illness has an impact on public attitudes towards people with schizophrenia, with negative effects ...

The design and implementation of resource allocation and pricing for computing and network resources are crucial for system and user performance. Among various designing objectives, we target on maximizing the social welfare, i.e., the summation of all user utilities. The challenge comes from the fact that users are autonomous and their utilities are unknown to the system designer. Under the Ke...

reproduction in domestic animals, as a major source of food and other products for human, has greatimportance and study of related subjects including sex differentiation and gonadogenesis during fetal life can solve many questions on normal development and various disorders of urogenital system. since studies on sex differentiation in goat fetus are scarce, this study was performed. twenty-five...

In social species, breeding system and gregarious behavior are key factors influencing the evolution of large-scale population genetic structure. The killer whale is a highly social apex predator showing genetic differentiation in sympatry between populations of foraging specialists (ecotypes), and low levels of genetic diversity overall. Our comparative assessments of kinship, parentage and di...

Chaco Canyon in northwestern New Mexico has been the focus of much recent archaeological research on Pueblo groups who lived during the 9th through 12th centuries in the American Southwest. Here, we examine variation in mortuary patterns in the canyon, focusing in particular on one mortuary crypt, to address questions of social differentiation and the chronology of important sociopolitical proc...