Tims has been studied by logicians for a long time and recently it has been modelled in more and more researches in AI. There exists a gap between the logics built by temporal logicians and those used in AI. This paper aims at filing this gap and providing a formal study on temporal logics for AI. In this paper, we present a new axiomatization of Allen & Hayes' temporal logic and locate their l...

Modern medicine owes much to the endeavours and contributions made by the ancients that are unfortunately anonymous or even neglected intentionally today. This study was done to give attention to "the ancient golden times", as the author believes it deserves the nomination, to give credit to the manner our ancient physicians and masters practiced medicine and managed traumas in particular in a ...

Abu Ali Hossein Ebn Abdullah Ben Ali Ben Sinna entitled as Shayhk-o-Rayeis in the East and well known in the west by the name of Avicenna was born in a place called Afsharneh near the city of Bokhara in 980 AD but resided in the city of Balkh. He was five years old when his father took him to the city of Bokhara to study Holy Quran where his extraordinary memory became apparent and he memorized...

Abu Ali Hossein Ebn Abdullah Ben Ali Ben Sinna entitled as Shayhk-o-Rayeis in the East and well known in the west by the name of Avicenna was born in a place called Afsharneh near the city of Bokhara in 980 AD but resided in the city of Balkh. He was five years old when his father took him to the city of Bokhara to study Holy Quran where his extraordinary memory became apparent and he memorized...

Aristotle (384–322 BC), the founder of the discipline of logic, also founded the study of quantification. Normally, Aristotle begins a topic by reviewing the common opinions, including the opinions of his chief predecessors. In logic, however, he could not adopt the same strategy; before him, he reports, “there was nothing at all” (Sophistical Refutations 183b34–36). Aristotle’s theory dominate...

Jorjanie was born in 433 AH. Elgod said: there is no exact information about his birth place and his date of birth is in the middle of 11th century. He was a student of Ebn Abi Sadegh, the famous Iranian physician. Ebn Abi Sadegh joined the two famous Iranian physicians because he was student of Avicenna for some time and at the end of his life he had a student, which was brilliant and intellig...

Abstract A logic L has the ‘variable-sharing property’ (VSP) if in all L-theorems of form $A\rightarrow B$, $A$ and $B$ share at least a propositional variable. ‘Ackermann (AP) (B\rightarrow C)$, contains conditional connective ($\rightarrow $). Anderson Belnap consider VSP necessary property any relevant logic, both AP properties (relevant) entailment logic. Now, among logicians, Brady’s BN4 i...

Hemi-facial spasm, facial paralysis, and trigeminal neuralgia are prevailing signs and symptoms with which physicians have been coping for thousands of years. Ibn Sina (known as Avicenna in the West), who was among the leading figures during medieval ages and influenced the upcoming periods in the Eastern and Western hemispheres for long time, focused also on these crucial problems. In his prin...