Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) and Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) are the standards for lightwave transmission systems, which can accommodate various existing signal types via Tributary Units (TUs) or Virtual Tributaries (VTs). In the SDH standards, Tributary Unit-11 (TU-11) is used to transport the DS1 signal with payload pointer and path overheads. In this paper, asynchronous floati...

This paper describes an overview of overall carrier-grade Ethernet technologies for next generation wide area Ethernet. In recent years, from access network to metro and core network, we can find many areas where communication services are provided by Ethernet technologies. This comes from the fact that operational efficiency and economical efficiency of Ethernet are far better than that of con...

Mostly Pointless Lamp Switching (MPLampS) is an architecture for carrying electricity over IP (with an MPLS control plane). According to our marketing department, MPLampS has the potential to dramatically lower the price, ease the distribution and usage, and improve the manageability of delivering electricity. This document is motivated by such work as SONET/SDH over IP/MPLS (with apologies to ...

This memo documents MAPOS 16, a multiple access protocol for transmission of network-protocol datagrams, encapsulated in HDLC frames with 16 bit addressing, over SONET/SDH. The primary difference with MAPOS version 1 is that it has 16 bit address field that offers significant wide address space. This document is NOT the product of an IETF working group nor is it a standards track document. It h...

In this paper we present a high-speed measurement study of round-trip delays, and TCP throughput with various window sizes. The measurements using ping and ttcp are performed over 155 mbit OC-3 Packet over SONET MAN connections. In addition, short hop test results over zero, 1, and 2 layer 2 switched gigabit ethernet connections are presented. In general, FreeBSD was used for host testing. A fe...

This paper describes our state-of-the-art design flow used for specification, implementation and verification of a 10 million gates ASIC Systemon-Chip (SoC) for a Sonet/SDH application. We present our tools and methodologies currently used and/or being developed for a multisite ASIC design project from the first specification up to the gate level netlist: our multi-site data management environm...

In telecommunication networks, SONET self -healing rings are widely deployed as transport infrastructure. Typically, multiple rings are interconnected together to provide a large geographical coverage. A typical network-planning problem of traffic grooming deals with packing several TDM sub-channels into high-speed wavelength channels in a WDM ring with the goal of saving SONET equipment usage....

Copyright (c) 2007 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to use this material for any other purposes must be obtained from the IEEE by sending an email to [email protected]. 1 Abstract— In this paper, a fully integrated OC-192 clock-data recovery (CDR) architecture in standard 0.18 m CMOS is described. The proposed architecture integrates the typically la...

At the heart of IP backbone networks are the core IP routers with throughput of hundreds of Gb/s. These routers with interfaces operating at the per-wavelength bit rates are directly connected via point-to-point WDM opticaltransport systems. For acceptable service reliability even for best effort services typically two interconnected routers are used for redundancy in each backbone node. It has...