spatial planning system of a country is the array of its planning systems. getting familiar with spatial planning system of different countries and their experiences could help for comparison and accommodation so that making decision and defining appropriate planning system could be done. this article has studied the spatial planning system of portugal and since there are different factors affe...

The discovery of a gravitational lens candidate is reported. The quasars SDSS J111611.73+411821.5 and SDSS J111610.68+411814.4 are recognized as two images of the same object, being strongly lensed by the closer galaxy SDSS J111611.03+411820.9. The source is located at a redshift of z ∼ 3, while the redshift of the lens galaxy is z ∼ 0.25. The separation of the images is large, ∼ 13 arcsec. Com...

Using supernovae from the SDSS-SN Survey we fit the shape parameter to individual SDSS passbands (g, r, i) as well as simultaneously to all passbands using SALT2. Through checking the normalized residuals, the passbands seem consistent when compared band to band. The i passband appears to deviate from the shape as measured in all passbands. There are hints of an effect for shape versus color in...

Quality Function Deployment (QFD) has been traditionally used as a planning tool primarily for product development and quality improvement. In this context, many people have used QFD for making decisions on how to prioritize critical product areas from a customer perspective. However, it is the position of the author that the QFD process can be viewed as a decision support system that would enc...

The paper seeks to highlight how the character and values of marginal landscapes can be considered examples of the “third landscape” and how they can enable the mapping of tangible and intangible change (and its relative effects) through the selection of appropriate spatial indicators. A Dynamic Spatial Decision Support System was constructed to help identify the complex values characterizing a...

1.1 basic concepts of Spatial Decision-making System Geographical Information System (GIS) is a new subject which rose in the 1960s, and is combined with computer science and geographic information science, and is also a technology system, it analyzes and manages geographic data contains spatial information using system engineering and information science theory under the support of software an...

The goal of this paper is not to present outcomes of research, but rather present a new research plan in the use of chorems in geographic information systems. Created by R. Brunet, chorems are a schematic representation of a territory. Presently, geographic decision-makers are not totally satisfied by conventional cartography, essentially because they want to know where and what are the problem...