background: heat stress is a common and usual problem in industries. several indices, including wet bulb globe temperature (wbgt), are used to evaluate heat stress. however, wbgt index has limitations such as high cost and response time. it is not thus suitable as a screening tool. heat strain scoring index (hssi) is also an observational-judgmental technique that has been developed for primary...

In this paper, a model of torque dependence of critical current in a Bi2223/Ag composite concentric cylinder is analyzed. Based on the hypothesis of planar section and elastic linear strengthening constitutive theory, the relation between torque and shear strain is firstly obtained. Then a linear weakening relation between critical current density and shear strain are put forward. Finally the e...

The effects of thermal elastic fluctuations in rubbery materials are examined. It is shown that, due to their interplay with the incompressibility constraint, these fluctuations qualitatively modify the large-deformation stress-strain relation, compared to that of classical rubber elasticity. To leading order, this mechanism provides a simple and generic explanation for the peak structure of Mo...

The equilibrium stress-strain relation and the pore radius of the isolated tectorial membrane (TM) of the mouse were determined. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), with molecular mass (MM) in the range 20-511 kDa, added to the TM bathing solution was used to exert an osmotic pressure. Strain on the TM induced by isosmotic PEG solutions of different molecular masses was approximately the same for MM > o...

Fiber-reinforced rubberlike materials commonly used in tires undergo large deformations and exhibit different responses in tension and compression along the fiber direction. Assuming that the response of a fiber-reinforced rubberlike material can be modeled as transversely isotropic with the fiber direction as the axis of transverse isotropy, we express the stored energy function in terms of th...

A cumulative damage mechanism for short fiber type C/SiC during shear loading–unloading testing was examined and quantified using Iosipescu specimens parallel in the in-plane through-thickness plane, by modified fracture mechanics theory referring to measured characteristics (crack length, number angle). nonlinear stress–strain relation found both specimens. Decrease apparent modulus confirmed ...