A new e-Service model called dynamic supply chain is characterized by their dynamic nature in easily being formed and disbanded with the seamless connectivity provided by e-Marketplace. The new term “supply mesh” was coined to represent this virtual community of companies in which dynamic supply chains, as per project (also known as make-toorder), are formed across different tiers of suppliers....

To understand the joint impact of horizontal and vertical competition on supply chain intermediation, we propose a model of competition in a three-tier supply chain where intermediaries compete to mediate between competing retailers and capacity-constrained suppliers. We argue that in retailer-driven global supply chains it is more realistic to model the retailers as Stackelberg leaders, and sh...

In the past decades, the inappropriate subsidy policies in many nations have caused problems such as serious oversupply, fierce competition and subpar social welfare in the photovoltaic (PV) industry in many nations. There is a clear shortage in the PV industry literature regarding how dual supply chains compete and the key decision issues regarding the competition between dual PV supply chains...

The increase of international competition motivated most of the organizations to create useful shared mutual cooperation with supply chain partners since they understood that cooperation and collaboration of supply chain partners is the prerequisite for the increase of reliability level and the decrease of risks and also the enhancement of innovative qualities and profitability of the companies...

We examine the strategic interplay between a buyer’s design decision and the ensuing competition between suppliers in a three-tier closed-loop supply chain setting with significant recycling considerations. The nature of the engineering design decision in our research entails choice of integral versus modular design that has direct implications for the input raw material waste and ensuing compe...

and Carbon Emission Constraints Xiao-qing Zhang Xi-gang Yuan (1. The School of Statistics Southwestern University of Finance and Economics Chengdu 611130, P.R. China (2. The School of Statistics Southwestern University of Finance and Economics Chengdu 611130, P.R. China) Abstract: In this paper, we discuss the government’s reward and penalty mechanism in the presence of asymmetric information a...

We study a game that models a market in which heterogeneous producers of perfect substitutes make pricing decisions in a first stage, followed by consumers that select a producer that sells at lowest price. As opposed to Cournot or Bertrand competition, producers select prices using a supply function that maps prices to production levels. Solutions of this type of models are normally referred t...

We study a supply chain network equilibrium model for perishable products under the theory of discrete choice models, which comprises multiple perishable product manufacturers, distributors and retailers. Our goal is to present equilibrium outputs for different firms in this supply chain network model for perishable products based on retailers’ utility maximization. The network model is built u...

Efficient regeneration of visual pigment following its destruction by light is critical for the function of mammalian photoreceptors. Here, we show that misexpression of a subset of cone genes in the rd7 mouse hybrid rods enables them to access the normally cone-specific retina visual cycle. The rapid supply of chromophore by the retina visual cycle dramatically accelerated the mouse rod dark a...