Supply chain formation is the process by which a set of producers within a network determine the subset of these producers able to form a chain to supply goods to one or more consumers at the lowest cost. This problem has been tackled in a number of ways, including auctions, negotiations, and argumentation-based approaches. In this paper we show how this problem can be cast as an optimization o...

Most previous efforts have focused on constructing various demand-driven IO models because of their widely accepted usefulness in regional science. After Ghosh’s suggestion of the supply-driven IO model, a debate over its plausibility ensued. Much of this was resolved with Dietzenbacher’s (1997) suggestion of the interpretation of a price model, equivalent to Leontief’s price model. However, in...

This paper sets out a formal framework for the biological-evolutionary study of human economic behaviour. Femina economica is a hypothetical parthenogenetic species with a simple economy. Individuals make decisions about labour supply and fertility subject to time and resource constraints. Labour is of differing types and a parent determines the type of her offspring's labour. Wages are determi...

When supply is fixed in advance, the uniform-price share auction is vulnerable to “collusive-seeming equilibria” in which the realized price is less than a common knowledge lower bound on all bidder’s per share value vi. Our main result is that no collusive-seeming equilibria exist in a variation of the uniform-price auction in which the auctioneer sets supply so as to maximize profits after re...

In this research, firms aim at maximizing two purposes of social welfare (environment) and profitability in the supply chain system. It is assumed that there are two supply chains, a green and an ordinary, each consists of a manufacturer and a supplier; in which the manufacturer generates profit through franchises. The green and the ordinary manufacturers form a cartel on the market of a certai...

In the current study, a dual-channel supply chain is considered containing one manufacturer and two retailers. It is assumed that the manufacturer and retailers have the same decision powers. A game-theoretic approach is developed to analyze pricing decisions under the centralized and decentralized scenarios. First, the Nash model is established to obtain the equilibrium decisions in the decent...

Based on the “Aggregate Demand” theory, monetary policies are designed with the aim of achieving desirable level of macroeconomic goals through affecting the stock of money supplyand income velocity of money. Thus, the velocity (V)-as well as money supply - has significant impact, particularly on rate of inflation through expansionary or contractionary monetary policy. To focus on the velocity ...

Abstract: In this paper, we develop a supply chain network model in which both physical and electronic transactions are allowed and in which supply side risk as well as demand side risk are included in the formulation. The model consists of three tiers of decision-makers: the manufacturers, the distributors, and the retailers, with the demands associated with the retail outlets being random. We...

This paper extends the literature on equilibria with coordination failures to arbitrary convex sets of admissible prices. This makes it possible to address coordination failures for cases with price indexation or more general price linkages between commodities. We introduce a new equilibrium concept, called quantity constrained equilibrium (QCE), giving a unified treatment to all cases consider...