The synoptic variation of the atmospheric radio refractive index, evaluated from standard weather observations, is examin ed d uri ng an ou t break of polar continental air. It is found t hat t he reduced-t o-sea-Ieve1 value of t he r efractive index is a more sensitive synoptic parameter t han t he station value. The reduced valu e is quite sensit ive to the humidity and density structure of t...

The paper deals with t he relative convergence of a d oubly-infini te set of equations pertaining to a boundary value problem in a waveguide. It is shown that the solution for t he equations converges differently for different choices of the co mbination of t he number of equations from the two sets. This is demonstrated by st udying t he co nvergence proper ties of t he truncated set of equati...

SENSATION AND PERCEPTION provided the starting points for modern research into our mental processes. In the early nineteenth century the French philosopher Auguste Comte argued that the study of behavior should become a branch of the biological sciences and that the laws governing the mind should be derived from objective observation. Comte's new philosophy, which he called positivism, was infl...

thrombolytic therapy in revascularization care. Even in a surgical textbook, this developing therapeutic intervention deserves more detailed treatment. As a well-prepared, attractive, and authoritative treatment of reoperative vascular surgery, this text certainly continues the new tradition of fine books in the "Science and Practice of Surgery." Despite its few (and truthfully insignificant) s...

The American Medical Association met in Philadelphia in 1876 and the fourteen dermatologists at the congress founded the American Dermatological Association, Duhring being one of the vice-presidents. He remained active in American dermatology until 1910 and died in 1913. He had been a shrewd investor but surprised even his family when he left over a million dollars to the University of Pennsylv...

The sudden death of the pioneer American Hebrew publisher, Henry Frank, at Saratoga Springs, N. Y., on July 31, 1868, went unnoticed by the non-Jewish press of New York. Indeed, it was apparently only in the Hebrew Leader that his productive life was summarized, the editor remarking that, "during his long career in t h s country, which brought him in contact with persons of all creeds and natio...

In this section, we provide an overview of Microsoft Windows. History The story of Windows begins with a very different operating system, developed by Microsoft for the first IBM personal computer and referred to as MS-DOS or PC-DOS. The initial version, DOS 1.0, was released in August 1981. It consisted of 4000 lines of assembly language source code and ran in 8 Kbytes of memory using the Inte...

A method for red ucing t he number of uni ts in t he hidden layers of a feed-for war d neur al network is pr esented . Starting wit h a net that is oversize, t he redundan t unit s in t he hidden layer are elimina ted by introducing an addit ional cost fun ct ion on a set of auxiliary linear response uni ts . T he extra cost funct ion enables t he auxiliary units to fuse together the redundant ...

Aphasic syndromes from diseases such as stroke and degenerative disorders are still common and disabling neurobehavioral disorders. Diagnosis, management and treatment of these communication disorders are often dependent upon understanding the neuropsychological mechanisms that underlie these disorders. Since the work of Broca it has been recognized that the human brain is organized in a modula...

Sir Francis Galton [5] was a British science writer and amateur researcher of the late nineteenth century. He contributed greatly to the fields of statistics, experimental psychology and biometry. In the history of biology, Galton is widely regarded as the originator of the early twentieth century eugenics movement [6]. Galton published influential writings on nature versus nurturein human pers...