insulting to prophet or imam is obscene, shameful and insupportable for any muslim, so the person who insults must be killed. any where that there is no islamic government or it has not been ordained any rule about killing insulter; killing insulter has no retaliation (punishment). but when legislator especially issued a rule for killing punishment in article513 for the crime of insulting to pr...

AbstractAs concern about the environment has risen during last few years, international organisations and conventions have encouraged nations to use punishment for environmental offences as one means fight a better environment. Icelandic law contains various types of penal provisions in statute laws designed protect However, no comprehensive legislation on matters impact or been enacted. Instea...

to enforce general policies of article 44, ''law of enforcing general policies of article 44 of the constitution'' was recently approved by islamic consultative assembly. the main objective of the present paper is analysis and study of aspects of criminal policy inserted in the law through identification of criminal behaviors and predicted responses. with respect to criminal phenomenon, study t...

if in multiple offences deserving legal punishment (ḥadd) the perpetrated offences are similar, the punishments interfere and the person is sentenced to one legal punishment. this judgment is disputable from two perspectives. firstly, it is against the principle of non-interference of causes and effects. secondly, it is against the principle of justice and causes disturbance in public security ...

the main question of the article is whether tens, hundreds or large numbers of people participating in the killing of an individual can be punished in retaliation? is this sentence compatible with the spirit of islam and its policy of criminal justice, or with the minimalistic interpretation in favor of the accused? the author hypothesizes and claims that the permission to retaliation against a...

In 1935, the Nazi government introduced what came to be known as the abrogation of the prohibition of analogy. This measure, a feature of the new penal law, required judges to stray from the letter of the written law and to consider instead whether an action was worthy of punishment according to the ‘sound perception of the people’ and an ‘underlying principle’ of an existing criminal statute. ...

the essential difference between hadd and ta‘zīr has long been accepted in islamic penal system. based on a study of the holy texts and the statements of the scholars it can be asserted that the rule according to which ‘the type and size of the hadd is defined by the legislator, whereas the type and amount of the ta‘zīr would only be determined by the islamic ruler’ is not comprehensive and lac...