the first reaction between food components and biological tissues occurs in the oral cavity. saliva modulates the ecosystem in the oral cavity and plays a critical role in oral homeostasis. in addition, saliva is a first line of defense against free radical-mediated stress. salivary antioxidant defense mechanisms seem to be very important. in this study we discuss in detail free radicals (fr) a...

Anatomically selective medial prefrontal cortical projections regulate the extinction of stimulus-reinforcement associations, but the mechanisms underlying extinction of an instrumental response for reward are less well-defined and may involve structures that regulate goal-directed action. We show brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) knock-down in the prelimbic, but not orbitofrontal, corte...

The Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury (DCoE) and the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (DVBIC) hosted a consensus conference to address persistent cognitive impairments following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and the role of cognitive rehabilitation in this population. Fifty military and civilian subject matter experts developed clinic...

Psychological stress, an evolutionary adaptation to the fight-or-flight response, triggers a number of physiological responses that can be deleterious under some circumstances. Stress signals activate the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system. Elements derived from those systems (e.g., cortisol, catecholamines and neuropeptides) can impact the immune syste...

The current study sought to explore the provision and implications of insanity defense in Pakistani laws. This research aims find lacunae law that aids mentally ill offenders. It also proposes identify role lawyers forensic psychologists government institutions defense. includes understanding implementing laws system. sample involved nine four whose interviews were conducted using a semi-struct...

This study evaluated defense mechanism differences between younger and older adults and also assessed the relationship between defense mechanisms and perceived stress, in order to provide evidence of construct validity of a self-reported defense mechanisms scale. Community-dwelling younger (n = 259; M age = 19.7 years) and older adults (n = 69; M age = 70.8 years) completed the Defense Style Qu...

The peculiarities of the psychological training as an element component for self-ensuring personal safety are highlighted in article. Authors define training, line with legal and special physical, a key forming readiness to effective self-defense, relevant necessary educational area context discipline "Basics self-defense". Highlighting role withstand real danger extreme situations, authors hav...