The analysis of vulnerability in networks generally involves some questions about how the underlying graph is connected. One is naturally interested in studying the types of disruption in the network that maybe caused by failures of certain links or nodes. In terms of a graph, the concept of connectedness is used in dierent forms to study many of the measures of vulnerability. When certain vert...

We consider the possibility that cooperation in a prisoner’s dilemma is fostered by people’s voluntarily enhancement of their own vulnerability. The vulnerability of a player determines the effectiveness of possible punishment by the other. In the “Gradual” mechanism, players may condition their incremental enhancements of their vulnerability on the other’s choices. In the “Leap” mechanism, the...

The purpose of this study is to examine the predictive role of the self-compassion on psychological vulnerability. Participants were 281 university students (156 women, 125 men). In this study, the Self-compassion Scale and the Psychological Vulnerability Scale were used. The relationships between self-compassion and psychological vulnerability were examined using correlation analysis and multi...

Identification of spatial gradients in ecosystem vulnerability to global climate change and local stressors is an important step in the formulation and implementation of appropriate countermeasures1,2. Here we build on recent work to map ecoregional exposure to future climate, using an envelopebased gauge of future climate stability—defined as a measure of how similar the future climate of a re...

In this paper, we present a narrative review of primary research on the health impacts extreme weather events in urban informal settlements published between 1990 and June 2021. We include 54 studies examine how these were determined. find that impact directly by causing mortality, injury disease through indirect pathways impacting livelihoods, access to healthcare, coping strategies adaptive c...

Most of oil and gas offshore platforms are located in the seismic regains. So, Seismic vulnerability evaluation of the offshore platforms is one of the most important and vital issues in the structural systems. In this study, jacket type offshore platforms are studied by incorporating the pushover analyses and nonlinear time history analyses, in such a way that, first some push over analyses ar...

Recent research finds that perceived risk is closely associated with race and gender. In surveys of the American public a subset of white males stand out for their uniformly low perceptions of environmental health risks, while most nonwhite and nonmale respondents reveal higher perceived risk. Such findings have been attributed to the advantageous position of white males in American social life...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the Web vulnerability challenges at European library Web sites and how these issues can affect the data protection of their patrons. Design/methodology/approach – A Web vulnerability testing tool was used to analyze 80 European library sites in four countries to determine how many security vulnerabilities each had and what were the most comm...

The rural population in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH), which constitutes more than half of the total population, experienced serious incidences of extreme weather events in the past two decades. This part of the population is vulnerable to climate change due to significant dependence on agriculture as a climate-sensitive livelihood option. However, the source of their vulnerability is due not onl...