The size of an organism reflects its metabolic rate, growth rate, mortality, and other important characteristics; therefore, the distribution of body size is a major determinant of ecosystem structure and function. Body-size distributions often are multimodal, with several peaks of abundant sizes, and previous studies suggest that this is the outcome of niche separation: species from distinct p...

The concept of change simply entails the totality of ways in which a particular entity has grown better and grown worse. Five studies suggest that this is not how people actually understand it for themselves. Rather, when asked to assess how they have "changed" over time, people bring to mind only how they have improved and neglect other trajectories (e.g., decline) that they have also experien...

this article examines the basic assumption of rational expectations hypothesis on iran's economy from 1966 to 2003. this assumption suggests the neutrality or ineffectiveness of money policy on the development of real variables of production and employment. the results from estimation of production equation do not support the significant influence of unanticipated component of money growth...

Brandenburger, Friedenberg, and Keisler [Econometrica 76 (2008), 307352] show that rationality and common assumption of rationality (RCAR) is impossible in a complete and continuous type structure. We show, by inroducing an alternative notion of “weak assumption”, that rationality and common weak assumption of rationality (RCWAR) is possible in a complete and continuous type structure. This pos...

The proposals of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision for the revision of minimum requirements for bank’s risk capital leave the quantification of lossgiven-default (LGD) parameter used for capital calculation unspecified. This paper proposes a new methodology for incorporating LGD parameter explicitly into the Basel risk weight function. Numerical examples based on the new methodology ar...

Battigalli and Siniscalchi’s [Journal of Economic Theory 106, 356-391 (2002)] notion of “strong belief”in conditional probability systems and Yang’s [Journal of Economic Theory, forthcoming] notion of “weak assumption”in lexicographic probability systems are unified by the same requirements on preferences. Our analysis, hence, reconciles the tension between Battigalli and Siniscalchi’s characte...

in this study a nonlinear asymmetric instability analysis carried out to study primary atomization of annular liquid sheets emanating from the prefilming airblast atomizer using a perturbation method and potential flow assumption. in this direction, firstly governing equations derived according to potential flow assumption and conservation equations while dynamic and static boundary condition a...

This paper considers the possibility of spontaneous transition of aracemic mixture (composed of equal amounts of two enantiomeric species, say L and D) into a monochiral state (in which only one enantiomer, say L, is present). Transitions of this kind have been recently experimentally observed. A plausible approach to this phenomenon is a model put forward by Frank, based on simple laws of ...

Social media are changing the way we do business and how leaders are perceived, from the shop floor to the CEO suite. But whereas the best businesses are creating comprehensive strategies in thi area, research suggests that few corporate Leaders have a social media presence--say, a Facebook or Linked in of page--and that those do don't use it strategically. Today's leaders must embrace social m...