A low-power level shifter (LS) using power gating technique is proposed for logic voltage shifting from near/subthreshold to above-threshold voltage domain. Level shifter allow for effective interfacing between voltage domains supplied by different voltage level. Usually conventional level shifter which can shift any voltage level signal to a desired higher level with low leakage current. The n...

Static power dissipation is increases with the scaling in threshold voltage and expected to become important part of total power consumption. In the present work, a new configuration of level shifters for low power application in 0.25μm technology has been presented. The proposed circuits utilize the merit of stacking technique by which there is reduction in leakage power. In this work a new le...

1) Introduction Inside a MOSFET transistor, the basis of recent systems, the voltage at the gate contact controls the conductivity and thus the current from source to drain. Ideally, the channel current to gate voltage dependence is a heavy edge function (rf. Fig. 1). If the gate voltage is below the threshold voltage, the current through the channel is 0 and if it is above the threshold voltag...

This paper presents a simple Pico Watt reference circuit with the output voltage of 263.1mV using sub-threshold operation of MOSFETs at supply voltage of 0.7V. Proposed circuit consumes merely 400 pW of power at room temperature and it is designed using standard TSMC 0.18μm technology. Reference voltage is provided by subtracting the 0◦C threshold voltage of MOSFETs. The simulation results show...

1. Calcium currents were recorded with whole-cell voltage-clamp procedures in relay neurones of the rat thalamus which had been acutely isolated by an enzymatic dissociation procedure. 2. Low-threshold and high-threshold Ca2+ currents were elicited by depolarizing voltage steps from holding potentials more negative than -60 mV. A transient current, analogous to the T-current in sensory neurones...

Polymer/cholesteric liquid crystal (ChLC) nano-composites consisting of mesogenic monomers and LCs have nano-sized LC domains dispersed in an anisotropic polymer matrix. They exhibit characteristics not observed in conventional ChLCs, such as sub-millisecond and “deformation-free” electro-optic tuning of the selective reflection band; however, their driving voltage is high compared to conventio...

The threshold voltage value, which is the most important electrical parameter in modeling MOSFETs, can be extracted from either measured drain current or capacitance characteristics, using a single or more transistors. Practical circuits based on some of the most common methods are available to automatically and quickly measure the threshold voltage. This article reviews and assesses several of...

A low voltage, two-level-metal, and multi-layer insulator electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWD) platform is presented. Dispensing 300pl droplets from 140nl closed on-chip reservoirs was accomplished with as little as 11.4V solely through EWD forces, and the actuation threshold voltage was 7.2V with a 1Hz voltage switching rate between electrodes. EWD devices were fabricated with a multilayer insul...

Digital circuits operating in the sub-threshold regime are able to perform minimum energy operation at a given delay. In the sub-threshold regime circuit delay, hence the leakage energy consumption depends on the supply voltage exponentially. By reducing the idle time of the circuit both the supply voltage that realizes minimum energy operation and the energy consumption can be reduced. This pa...