نتایج جستجو برای: toxicity tests
تعداد نتایج: 449217 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
BACKGROUND Despite funding constraints for treatment programmes in Africa, the costs and economic consequences of routine laboratory monitoring for efficacy and toxicity of antiretroviral therapy (ART) have rarely been evaluated. METHODS Cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted in the DART trial (ISRCTN13968779). Adults in Uganda/Zimbabwe starting ART were randomised to clinically-driven mon...
SEURAT-1 is a European public-private research consortium that is working towards animal-free testing of chemical compounds and the highest level of consumer protection. A research strategy was formulated based on the guiding principle to adopt a toxicological mode-of-action framework to describe how any substance may adversely affect human health.The proof of the initiative will be in demonstr...
The increase of worldwide population and the need to control pests are some of the factors that have led to the application of agrochemicals on agricultural areas to protect and increase crop production. Nevertheless, these substances are of environ‐ mental concern since they can reach water reservoirs and act on non-target organisms. Therefore, different aquatic species have been tested to eva...
Wetland ecosystems have reduced ambient levels of various organic and metallic compounds, although their effectiveness on agricultural pesticides is not well documented. Five stations within each of two 10 x 50 m constructed wetlands (two vegetated, two nonvegetated) were selected to measure the fate and effects of methyl parathion (MeP). Following a simulated storm event (0.64 cm of rainfall),...
Many antibiotics have been screened for inhibition of sporeforming bacteria during the last 10 years in this laboratory. The effect of some of these antibiotics on canned food spoilage bacteria has previously been described (Denny and Bohrer, 1959). Recently, two antibiotics which eventually may be of use in food processing have been through a preliminary screening in this laboratory. These ant...
Acute toxicity tests for the pesticides endosulfan and malathion on the larvae of Chironomus ramosus were conducted. Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) values of endosulfan were 0.55 x 10(-2), 0.16 x 10(-2), 0.089 x 10(-2) and 0.036 x 10(-2) ppb respectively, while those for malathion were 0.139 x 10(-2), 0.054 x 10(-2), 0.019 x 10(-2) and 0.0032 x 10(-2) ppb respectively, at 24, 48, 72 and 96 ...
This paper describes the use of crossed laminar flow microfluidics for the selective capture of multiple cell types on-chip aiming for high throughput screening of various cell treatment compounds. Parallel laminar streams containing different cell types were perfused and captured on a cell adhesion protein-functionalized reaction area. Thereafter, parallel streams containing cell treatment sol...
The authors present a method to predict fish survival under exposure to fluctuating concentrations and repeated pulses of a chemical stressor. The method is based on toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic modeling using the general unified threshold model of survival (GUTS) and calibrated using raw data from standard fish acute toxicity tests. The model was validated by predicting fry survival in a fish e...
The FDA guidance focuses on the use of the NOAEL to establish the maximum recommended starting dose. The majority of NOAEL has been described inaccurately or incompletely in final reports for 90-days repeated dose toxicity test based on GLP (good laboratory practice) regulation. This is the most serious one of reasons for why most pharmaceutical companies targeting global markets have disregard...
Regulatory information requirements for pesticides call for submission of acute systemic toxicity data for up to three different exposure routes (oral, dermal, inhalation) for both active ingredients and formulated products. Similar multi-route testing is required in the European Union and elsewhere for industrial chemicals. To determine the value of acute toxicity testing by more than one rout...
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