In this paper, bi-level programming is proposed for designing a competitive supply chain network. A two-stage stochastic programming approach has been developed for a multi-product supply chain comprising a capacitated supplier, several distribution centers, retailers and some resellers in the market. The proposed model considers demand’s uncertainty and disruption in distribution centers and t...

Abstract: Bi-level programming, a tool for modeling decentralized decisions, consists of the objective(s) of the leader at its first level and that is of the follower at the second level. Three level programming results when second level is itself a bi-level programming. By extending this idea it is possible to define multi-level programs with any number of levels. Supply chain planning problem...

High-Level Abstractions for Low-Level Programming Iavor Sotirov Diatchki Ph.D., OGI School of Science & Engineering at Oregon Health & Science University May 2007 Thesis Advisor: Dr. Mark P. Jones Computers are ubiquitous in modern society. They come in all shapes and sizes: from standard household appliances and personal computers, to safety and security critical applications such as vehicle n...

In this paper we discuss the notion of programming at the knowledge level in the context of distributed AI systems. In particular, we show that although a number of languages defining abstract communication primitives have been proposed in the past few years, knowledge-level programming can only be supported if specific symbol-level requirements are satisfied. To illustrate this problem we form...

ions Abstractions have a cost. File systems and network protocols are generic and not tailored to one particular application. We cannot expect an abstraction to be optimal with respect to every application that uses it. Similarly on the PL side one cannot expect a general purpose PL to provide the exact abstractions needed for one particular application. These abstractions too have a cost: they...

  Bi-level programming, a tool for modeling decentralized decisions, consists of the objective(s) of the leader at its first level and that is of the follower at the second level. Three level programming results when second level is itself a bi-level programming. By extending this idea it is possible to define multi-level programs with any number of levels. Supply chain planning problems are co...