The foundation framework for underground spatial data aims to establish the platform for the underground spatial data sharing and integrating. The reasons lie in that: a) the long-term development of city construction has accumulated abundant underground spatial data and information; b) the development and utilization of city underground space demands for clear, detailed and visualized comprehe...

The uncontrolled spread of illegal artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASM), popularly termed “galamsey” in Ghana, has, for decades, impacted adversely upon water bodies, soils, wildlife, human health, and safety. A lack of understanding, however, of the types of galamsey, their operational attributes, and their relative impacts has unfortunately hindered an effective policy response despite num...

Nowadays, underground structures play vital role in developing different countries. Such structures are constructed in many civil activities such as development of road and railways, subways, water, gas and sewage lines, underground subways, nuclear wastes land filling, fuel storage and military installations. With an appropriate drilling method being selected, instabilities created in tunnels ...

The expansion of underground structures is important in urban areas with high population density. In most large cities in the world, urban development is spreading along the structures. These structures are generally located at shallow depth; therefore study of shallow tunnels in urban areas is critical for development. During the excavation of tunnels in urban areas, creating the asymmetric se...

Mine valuation can be defined as the process of determining the worth of a specific mineral deposit and capability of making a return by a prospective investment (SME, 2005). Although the definition is very brief and compact, actually, it has a very wide content. Determination of worth of an underground asset requires a plenty of works to explain physical, structural and economical properties o...

In this study, the seismic interaction of surface foundations and underground cavities was investigated. For this purpose, a parametric study of geometric dimensions of the foundation and cavity, their location, and the effect of the interaction between surface foundations and underground cavities was evaluated. The variable parameters include the ratio of the overburden height to the foundatio...

Coastal Fars gravimetry project in Fars province was carried out to find the buried salt domes and to determine characteristics of faults in this area. The Lavarestan structure was covered by 4203 gravimetry stations in a regular grid of 1000*250 m. Depth structural model of this anticline made in previous studies was based on geological evidences and structural geology measurements. In order t...

Water inflow is one of the most important challenges in the underground excavations. In addition to inducing working conditions and environmental problems, it decreases the stability and quality of the surrounding rocks. The direct method of measuring rock mass hydraulic conductivity consists of drilling the boreholes and observing the rate of fluid lost in the boreholes. Applying this method i...

Due to the high attenuation of radio frequency (RF) signals in underground mines and the statutory power restriction of communication gadgets especially for coal mines, the wireless communication systems have restricted applications in the underground mines. The paper discusses different radio frequency communication techniques being employed for Indian underground mines. Experiments were condu...