The concept of semicopula plays a fundamental role in the definition of a universal integral. We present an extension of semicopula to the case of symmetric interval [−1,1]. We call this extension bipolar semicopula. The last definition can be used to obtain a simplified definition of the bipolar universal integral. Moreover bipolar semicopulas allow for extension of theory of copulas to the in...

CONTEXT There is growing interest worldwide in the teaching of rural and community medicine to medical students. Medical teachers have a responsibility to introduce their students to different health experiences, in both urban and rural environments. The definition of a rural area can be problematic. ISSUE There is no one universal definition of a rural area. This makes comparisons of data fr...

Although an official definition by the World Health Organization (WHO) or any other authority is currently lacking, hospital detention practices (HDP) can be described as: “refusing release of either living patients after medical discharge is clinically indicated or refusing release of bodies of deceased patients if families are unable to pay their hospital bills.” Reports of HDP are very scarc...

Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers have emerged as prominent tools in formal methods applications. While originally targeted towards quantifier-free inputs, SMT solvers are now often used for handling quantified formulas in automated theorem proving and software verification applications. The most common technique for handling quantified formulas in modern SMT solvers in quantifier in...

Boolean matrices, the incidence matrices of a graph, are known not to be the (universal) matrices of a Boolean algebra. Here, we also show that their usual composition cannot make them the matrices of any algebra. Yet, later on, we “show” that it can. This seeming paradox comes from the hidden intrusion of a widespread set-theoretical (mis) definition and notation and denies its harmlessness. A...

1. Abstract The concept of Universal Design is being applied to a variety of fields, such as architecture, product design and communication. The underlying reasons for this recent tendency are the rapid evolution of an aging society and increase in the demand of people with disabilities for the improvement of their civil rights. The present study tried to identify how the overseas and Japanese ...