Elements of urban terrain models such as streets, pavements, lawns, walls, and fences are fundamental for effective recognition and convincing appearance of virtual 3D cities and virtual 3D landscapes. These elements complement important other components such as 3D building models and 3D vegetation models. This paper introduces an object-oriented, rule-based and heuristic-based approach for mod...

– The multipath characteristics of the WLL channel were studied over both short and long time periods in urban and sub-urban high-rise and small-house environments. Wideband measurements were performed at the centre frequency of 1.3 GHz with a sliding correlation measurement system using a chip rate of 15 MHz. The receiver was situated at regular cellular base stations, and the transmitter with...

Physical settings can play a role in coping with stress; in particular experimental research has found strong evidence between exposure to natural environments and recovery from physiological stress and mental fatigue, giving support to both Stress Recovery Theory and Attention Restoration Theory. In fact, exposure to natural environments protects people against the impact of environmental stre...

Rural children and adults are more likely to have obesity than their urban counterparts even after adjustment for individual-level behaviors, suggesting that rural environments may promote obesity. The rural built environment may be an important area of research that can help us understand rural-urban disparities in obesity. The purpose of this review is to summarize the rural built environment...

A simple statistical model of azimuthal and temporal dispersion in mobile radio channels is proposed. The model includes the probability density function (pdf) of the delay and azimuth of the impinging waves as well as their expected power conditioned on the delay and azimuth. The statistical properties are extracted from macrocellular measurements conducted in a variety of urban environments. ...

With the increase in simulation of urban environments for the purpose of planning, modelling vehicular traffic has become important. Since empirical evidence on traffic flow is relatively sparse, models are being increasingly used for planning urban roads and environments. In this paper, a simple, explicit model is proposed to approximate the speed versus density of vehicular traffic flow. The ...

An important barrier to enduring behavioural change is the human tendency to discount the future. Drawing on evolutionary theories of life history and biophilia, this study investigates whether exposure to natural versus urban landscapes affects people's temporal discount rates. The results of three studies, two laboratory experiments and a field study reveal that individual discount rates are ...

The sustainability strategy in urban spaces arises from reflecting on how to achieve a more habitable city and is materialized in a series of sustainable transformations aimed at humanizing different environments so that they can be used and enjoyed by everyone without exception and regardless of their ability. Modern communication technologies allow new opportunities to analyze efficiency in t...

Capturing and measuring qualities of the built environment is a fundamental aspect of planning. Planners need to develop a vivid picture of the physical and social environments people inhabit in order to understand what impacts their plans and actions may have. Measures can indicate the built environment’s qualities and represent them in a way that is useful for planning to address particular i...