Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, and, to a lesser extent, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), are common clinical manifestations of drug-induced lung diseases. Clinical features and radiographic appearances are generally indistinguishable from other causes of pulmonary edema and ARDS. Typical manifestations include dyspnea, chest discomfort, tachypnea, and hypoxemia. Chest radiographs co...

The World Health Organization (WHO) scheme for classification of dengue severity was evaluated in a three-year study of 1,671 confirmed dengue cases in three Nicaraguan hospitals. The WHO classification of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) was compared with the presence of hemorrhagic manifestations, signs of vascular permeability, marked thrombocytopenia, and shock...

As with many age-related diseases including vascular dysfunction, age is considered an independent and crucial risk factor. Complicated alterations of structure and function in the vasculature are linked with aging hence, understanding the underlying mechanisms of age-induced vascular pathophysiological changes holds possibilities for developing clinical diagnostic methods and new therapeutic s...

nary manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis. Mayo Clin Proc 1977; 52:641–649 3 Lee-Chiong TL. Pulmonary manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis and relapsing polychondritis. Clin Chest Med 1998; 19:747–757 4 Tanoue LT. Pulmonary involvement in collagen vascular disease: a review of the pulmonary manifestations of the Marfan syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, Sjögren’s syndrome and relapsing p...

We present a 16-year-old girl who presented with polyarthritis in association with Raynaud's phenomenon, malar rash, oral ulcers, photosensitivity and alopecia of 6 months duration. On evaluation, it emerged that she had a mixed connective tissue disorder with a mesangio-proliferative glomerulonephritis. Her Chest radiograph revealed a well defined left mid and lower zone opacity with evidence ...

S ystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic autoimmune disease that is characterised by endothelial dysfunction resulting in a small-vessel vasculopathy, fibroblast dysfunction with resultant excessive collagen production and fibrosis, and immunological abnormalities. The classification of SSc is subdivided based on the extent of skin involvement into diffuse cutaneous sclerosis (dcSSc), limited cu...

OBJECTIVE To identify the clinical picture of Behcet's disease in a large cohort of patients (6500) in Iran, over a period of 35 years, and compare them with other large series from around the world. METHODS Patients with Behcet's disease from all over Iran were seen in the Behcet's Disease Research Unit by a multidisciplinary team (rheumatologists, dermatologists, and ophthalmologists). Diag...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, immunologic disorder that may affect multiple organ systems. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca is the most common ocular manifestation, but visual morbidity is usually due to retinal and neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of the disease. Ocular manifestations of lupus are a reflection of systemic disease. The presence of ocular manifestations should alert ...