abstract: in the paper of black and scholes (1973) a closed form solution for the price of a european option is derived . as extension to the black and scholes model with constant volatility, option pricing model with time varying volatility have been suggested within the frame work of generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (garch) . these processes can explain a number of em...

The problem of Divine Will has been discussed in detail by Muslim philosophers, theologians and usuliun. Imam Khomeini with regard to the importance of the problem tried to study it analytically. His problems in the field can be referred to as: can the attribute of will be known as existential perfects?  Does Divine Will, while being simple and the same as Divine Essence, is the most perfect ...

The main purpose of this paper is to identify the challenges and barriers of entrepreneurship development in the conversion industry of horticultural products in North Khorasan Province and prioritize those barriers and finally provide solutions to the barriers to the development of this industry. For this purpose, the required information was obtained through face-to-face interviews and comple...

Background and Objectives: HPAI has economic and public health importance. Aquatic and shore migratory birds are the main reservoirs and the cause of the spread of viruses across countries. The aim of study was risk assessment of the spread of the avian influenza H5 viruses.   Methods: In this qualitative study, structured interviews and focus group discussions were used to assess the risk of...