Brian Whitaker, The Guardian commentator, noted in an article last September, “I have often travelled on planes next to Christians who crossed themselves or Muslims who whispered a prayer before take-off. It happens in all faiths, so the reaction of a Canadian airline to a Jewish man who prayed in his seat seems both bizarre and insensitive: he was thrown off the plane”. This anecdote is useful...

On the basis of critical discussions which have taken place in recent years in the Federal Republic of Germany, certain methodological, ethical and legal problems arising in relation to controlled trials are discussed. Because of methodological inconsistencies inherent in the experimental approach, the efficacy of a drug must in any case be judged by physicians. This leads to major ethical and ...

Wang Bi’s work is often used as evidence for “Confucian” interpretations and translations of the Laozi. Those who argue that explicit rejections Confucian values in chapters 5, 18, 19, 38 should actually be read admonishing hollow imitation mere appearance morality cite Bi. Additionally, this great philosopher normally taken a commentator simply sought to synthesize Daoist ideas. In paper, I wi...

Abstract This paper provides a case study for the use of syllogistic reconstructions in commentaries on Plato by fifth-century commentator Proclus. The discusses Proclus’ reconstruction argument about range Forms Plato’s Parmenides (130b–e). In his commentary this dialogue, Proclus reports proposed some predecessors. reconstruction, as whole is interpreted straightforward attack existence Forms...

In this article, we respond to the four comments on our target article. Some of the commentators suggest that we have formulated our proposals in a way that renders our account of dual-process theory untestable and less interesting than the broad theory that has been critiqued in recent literature. Our response is that there is a confusion of levels. Falsifiable predictions occur not at the lev...

This issue of E:CO is reprinting a classic paper by Heinz von Foerster, one of the key players in the formation and development of cybernetics. Von Foerster was an Austrian/American engineer, scientist, science expositor, philosopher, and cultural commentator (rather than listing each reference which would render this document unwieldy, history of cybernetics were taken from Heims1, Kline2, Dup...

On Tuesday, I went to the US Open, premier tennis tournament and, along with Wimbledon and Australian French Opens, one of four ‘Grand Slams’ world. I’m also a player (not very good one), so thought I’d devote this editorial how polymer chemistry has changed game tennis. Many thanks Wikipedia various websites for their help. If you look at late-1970s photos John McEnroe —the famous brat only sl...