AIM To extend our previously-published experience in estimating pressure gradients (PG) via physical examination in a large patient cohort. METHODS From January 1, 1997 through December 31, 2009, an attending pediatric cardiologist compared clinical examination (EXAM) with Doppler-echo (ECHO), in 1193 patients with pulmonic stenosis (PS, including tetralogy of Fallot), aortic stenosis (AS), a...

background and objective: tuberculosis is still a major health problem, involving about 1/3 of the world´s population. diagnosis is difficult when we only use ziehl-neelson staining. many cases may be missed. a more rapid and sensitive diagnostic method is necessary. pcr may be helpful. the aim of this study was to compare pcr, zieh-neelsen staining and histopathologic findings in diagnosis of ...

SUMMARY The -presented patient is a 4 year old boy who is a known case of Niemannpick disease. He presented with restlessness, anorexia, Vomiting and constipation. On the physical exam the cbdomen was distended and a large and a large and mobile mass in right lower quadrant was palpated. Plain abdominal X-Ray showed air-fluid levels. The patient underwent an emergent operation. The splenic ped...

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is anautosomal dominantdisease characterized by muscle weakness or paralysis with a matching fall in blood potassium levels. Paralysis attacks often occur in adolescence and are induced by strenuous exercise followed by rest, high carbohydrateor high sodiummeal content, sudden changes in temperature, and even excitement, noise, flashing lights and cold temperature...

in the previous two parts of educational manuscript series in emergency, we explained some screening characteristics of diagnostic tests including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. in the 3rd  part we aimed to explain positive and negative likelihood ratio (lr) as one of the most reliable performance measures of a diagnostic test. to better underst...

conclusions these findings show non-adherence to the stard. the authors, reviewers, and editors should pay more attention to reporting by checking stard statement items and including a flow diagram to represent study design and patient flow. objectives up to date, few data exist about the quality of diagnostic accuracy studies in iran. therefore, we evaluated the extent of adherence to the star...

BACKGROUND Early detection of compensated pediatric septic shock requires diagnostic tests that are sensitive and specific. Four physical exam signs are recommended for detecting pediatric septic shock prior to hypotension (cold extremities, mental status, capillary refill, peripheral pulse quality); this study tested their ability to detect patients who develop organ dysfunction among a cohort...