Background: In Sweden, 24% of extremely preterm (EPT) infants are treated with surgery for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). EPT infants undergoing PDA surgery are at risk for suboptimal intake of energy and macronutrients caused by fluid restrictions and fear for starting enteral feeds after operation and because of that develop necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). NEC is a medical condition primari...

BACKGROUND Screening mammography and invasive breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) rates recently declined in the United States; screening mammography declines among former hormone therapy (HT) users may be an important contributor. We longitudinally examined women and compared mammography use and cancer rates by HT use [current, former, and never users of estrogen + progestin (EPT...

OBJECTIVE Differences in disease outcomes between users and nonusers of hormone therapy (HT) and between users of estrogen therapy (ET) and users of estrogen + progesterone therapy (EPT) may relate to differences in serum hormone concentrations between these populations. In this study, we examined the response of serum hormone levels in healthy postmenopausal women after 1 year of HT. METHODS...

OBJECTIVE In this article, the authors report on an in vivo study in which they assessed the validity of two commonly used cold pulp tests (carbon dioxide [CO(2)]and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) and an electrical pulp tester (EPT) in determining pulp vitality by using direct inspection of the pulp as the reference standard. METHODS One hundred fifty patients undergoing endodontic therapy at the...

It has been shown that children born extremely preterm (EPT) often suffer from medical complications and growth restrictions in early childhood. Catchup growth diminishes these effects but the children are known to have lower weight, height, and head circumference as school children. Effects on enamel development have been shown. How this affects the dento-alveolar outcome during adolescence is...

ED INLINE CODES Inline codes, such as markers for bold or italics, links information or image references, can be represented using either an encapsulation mechanism or a placeholder method. Those are derived respectively from TMX and OpenTag. The encapsulation mechanism consists of bracketing the inline codes between special elements. XLIFF keeps a syntax very close to TMX: (begin paired-...

OBJECTIVE Coronary spasm plays an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD) and angina pectoris caused by coronary spasm or coronary spastic angina (CSA) is prevalent in Japan. However, the precise mechanisms underlying coronary spasm are unclear. Alcohol intolerance is prevalent among East Asians, and we previously reported that coronary spasm could be induced by alcoh...

This retrospective study was conducted at the National Tuberculosis Center (NTBC) where 252 HIV-positive patients coexisting with tuberculosis (TB/HIV) were examined. We found that patients with pulmonary (PTB) and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPT) had similar mean age. A higher sex ratio between male to female (10.7:1) was observed in patients with PTB. The other characteristics of patients wi...