We address some current theoretical issues around ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We recall that scenarios producing more γ−rays than cosmic rays up to high redshift can in general only provide a sub-dominant contribution to the ultra-high energy cosmic ray flux. This includes extra-galactic top-down and the Z-burst scenarios. Finally we discuss the influence of large scale cosmic magnetic field...

Study of cosmic ray became a subject of study with the invention of neutron monitor by Simpson. But recording of cosmic ray counts was started regularly from International Geophysical Year at different locations having different climatic zones over the globe. Here statistical analysis is performed to investigate the degree of response of different monitors towards cosmic ray counts. No signific...

Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) (http://www.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic) is a publicly available resource providing information on somatic mutations implicated in human cancer. Release v51 (January 2011) includes data from just over 19,000 genes, 161,787 coding mutations and 5573 gene fusions, described in more than 577,000 tumour samples. COSMICMart (COSMIC BioMart) provides a flexib...

The Hubble Space Telescope Treasury Program images collected as part of the Cosmic Evolution Survey were used to develop a new technique for identifying gravitational lensing events resulting from a less-massive cosmic string. By employing Monte Carlo simulations of cosmic strings embedded within the survey, galaxies were decomposed using Hermite Polynomial shapelets, and compared with the unal...

Confinement of cosmic rays by turbulent magnetic fields and the relation between magnetic and cosmic ray energy densities are investigated. Cosmic rays are assumed to diffuse preferentially along magnetic field lines. The implementation into a nonconservative high-order finite difference code is discussed. By solving an explicitly time-dependent equation for the cosmic ray energy flux, causalit...

We report high-resolution observations made in interplanetary space of 83-284 MeV per nucleon galactic cosmic-ray iron isotopes and directly establish that 56Fe is the dominant cosmic-ray Fe isotope. We find the following percentage abundances for Fe at the cosmic-ray source: 54Fe = 9(+8, -5)%, 55Fe:::; 7%, 56Fe = 91(+5, -11)%, 57Fe:::; 8%, and 58Fe:::; 6%. When compared to calculated nucleosyn...

Contribution of nearby pulsars to the cosmic rays observed at Earth has been studied. It is found that the experimental bound on amplitude of cosmic ray anisotropy may produce significant constraint on the efficiency of converting pulsar rotational energy to emitted particles kinetic energy. Cosmic ray fluxes from two well known nearby gamma ray pulsars, namely the Vela and Geminga pulsars, are...

In the inflation cosmic models, the relic gravitational waves (RGW) generated in the inflation stage, and evolved in the universe until now. In the different cosmic evolution models, one can get different gravitational waves spectrum. In this paper, we give a simple formula to estimate the spectrum in a general cosmic model. From this spectrum, one can easily find the relation between the RGW s...

Cosmic ray astronomy attempts to identify and study the sources of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. It is unique in its reliance on charged particles as the information carriers. While no discrete source of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays has been identified so far, a new generation of detectors is acquiring the huge exposure that is needed at the highest energies, where deflection by magnetic fields...